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Tikz 我如何绘制这个字符串/接线图？

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Tikz 我如何绘制这个字符串/接线图？

我是 TikZ 的新手，需要一些关于如何开始制作如下图表的指点： 在此处输入图片描述

我尝试使用以下代码绘制类似的图表，但效果不太好。我发现它效率很低：

     \documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc, positioning,intersections}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{->-/.style={decoration={
  markings,
  mark=at position .5 with {\arrow{latex}}},postaction={decorate}}}
\tikzset{-<-/.style={decoration={
  markings,
  mark=at position .5 with {\arrow{latex reversed}}},postaction={decorate}}}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[draw=black,rectangle, line width=0.2pt, minimum width=75mm, minimum height=30mm](A1) at (0,0) {};
    \draw[-<-,, transform canvas={yshift=10pt}] (A1.west) -- +(-20mm,0) node[left] (sugar) {sugar};
    \draw[-<-, transform canvas={yshift=0pt}] (A1.west) -- +(-20mm,0) node[left] (butter) {butter};
    \draw[-<-, transform canvas={yshift=-10pt}] (A1.west) -- +(-20mm,0) node[left] (egg) {egg};
    \draw[-<-, transform canvas={yshift=-20}] (A1.west) -- +(-20mm,0) node[left] (flour) {flour};

    \node[draw=black, rectangle,line width=0.2pt, minimum width=5mm, minimum height=5mm, xshift=5em,yshift=1em](mix) at (A1.west) {Mix};
    \node[draw=black, rectangle,line width=0.2pt, minimum width=5mm, minimum height=5mm, xshift=5em,yshift=-1em](beat) at (A1.west) {Beat};
    \node[draw=black, rectangle,line width=0.2pt, minimum width=5mm, minimum height=5mm, xshift=10em,yshift=0em](blend) at (A1.west) {Blend};
    \node[draw=black, rectangle,line width=0.2pt, minimum width=5mm, minimum height=5mm, xshift=17em,yshift=-1em](bake) at (A1.west) {Bake};

    \draw[->-] (A1.west) .. controls +(right:5mm) and +(up:0mm) .. (mix.west);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案1

我建议你开始处理这种图表，但我没有花太多时间来完善代码（例如定义更多tikz样式，使用pgf宏通过设置它们\pgfmathsetmacro等）。如果你想在此示例的基础上处理未来（可能更复杂）的情况，我强烈建议你寻找我使用的你不清楚的功能pgf手动的。

可能的策略

正如您在下面的完整代码中看到的，我开始定义外部框架的顶点坐标，并尝试以相对方式完成其他所有操作（利用calc和positioningtikz 库）。如果需要更改外部框架的尺寸，这将很有用。但是，一些硬编码长度仍然存在，如果需要，您可以自行改进这方面。

绘制外部框架和内部矩形后（如nodes 和 a 一样，minimal size以便利用它们的锚点），我开始定义每个矩形左（西）边和右（东）边的坐标。在这里，我总是用循环来完成\foreach，即使这很简单，但是为了得到一个易于推广的代码。

\pgfmathsetmacro{\dx}{3}
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/6] in {1,...,5}{
    \coordinate (W\y) at ([xshift=-\dx mm]$(SW)!\dy!(NW)$);
}

这里的想法是将N（此处上方的N=5）等距坐标放置在大矩形框的左边缘。这意味着将其左边缘分成6几部分，每个坐标距离一个顶点（此处底部顶点）的全长为1/6、2/6、3/6、4/6。需要将坐标设置在矩形框的外部或内部，以便稍后获取超出边缘的路径。5/6[xshift=-\dx mm]

之后，它仍然需要连接创建的坐标，为此，我定义了样式connect，

\tikzset{
    connect/.style={mid arrow=#1, out=0, in=180, ->, >=stealth, looseness=2},
    connect/.default=6mm
}

稍后将在路径上使用，它将out=0起点的西边 ( ) 连接到in=180终点的东边 ( )，以箭头结束。在这里，我在上面使用键looseness来模拟路径的形状。剩下的任务是沿着路径添加标签，但这是标准做法，我这样做了在另一个问题中。

在许多问题中讨论了在上添加箭头edge（例如这或者这) 说明了如何做到这一点。

完整代码

\documentclass[border =3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning, calc, decorations.markings}

\tikzset{
    mid arrow/.style={postaction={decorate,decoration={markings,mark=at position #1 with {\arrow{stealth}}}}},
    connect/.style={mid arrow=#1, out=0, in=180, ->, >=stealth, looseness=2},
    connect/.default=6mm
}
\begin{document}

    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \coordinate (SW) at (0,0); \coordinate (SE) at (7,0);
        \coordinate (NE) at (7,3); \coordinate (NW) at (0,3);
        %Frames
        \draw[black] (SW) rectangle (NE);
        \node[draw, minimum size=1cm] (dry) at ({$(NW)!0.25!(NE)$} |- {$(SW)!0.75!(NW)$}) {};
        \node[draw, minimum size=1cm] (wet) at ({$(NW)!0.25!(NE)$} |- {$(SW)!0.25!(NW)$}) {};
        \node[draw, minimum size=1cm] (mix) at ({$(NW)!0.75!(NE)$} |- {$(SW)!0.6!(NW)$}) {};
        %Extra coordinates for path
        \pgfmathsetmacro{\dx}{3}
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/6] in {1,...,5}{
            \coordinate (W\y) at ([xshift=-\dx mm]$(SW)!\dy!(NW)$);
        }
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/4] in {1,...,3}{
            \coordinate (dryW\y) at ([xshift=\dx mm]$(dry.south west)!\dy!(dry.north west)$);
        }
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/2] in {1}{
            \coordinate (dryE\y) at ([xshift=-\dx mm]$(dry.south east)!\dy!(dry.north east)$);
        }
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/3] in {1,2}{
            \coordinate (wetW\y) at ([xshift=\dx mm]$(wet.south west)!\dy!(wet.north west)$);
        }
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/3] in {1,2}{
            \coordinate (wetE\y) at ([xshift=-\dx mm]$(wet.south east)!\dy!(wet.north east)$);
        }
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/3] in {1,2}{
            \coordinate (mixW\y) at ([xshift=\dx mm]$(mix.south west)!\dy!(mix.north west)$);
        }
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/2] in {1}{
            \coordinate (mixE\y) at ([xshift=-\dx mm]$(mix.south east)!\dy!(mix.north east)$);
        }
        \foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \dy using \y/3] in {1,2}{
            \coordinate (E\y) at ([xshift=\dx mm]$(SE)!\dy!(NE)$);
        }
        %Paths (left-right, bottom-up)
        \path[every node/.style={font=\scriptsize}]
            (W1) edge[connect] node[pos=0.0, left=3mm] {eggs} (wetW1)
            (W2) edge[connect] node[pos=0.0, left=3mm] {milk} (wetW2)
            (W3) edge[connect] node[pos=0.0, left=3mm] {salt} (dryW1)
            (W4) edge[connect] node[pos=0.0, left=3mm] {sugar} (dryW2)
            (W5) edge[connect] node[pos=0.0, left=3mm] {flour} (dryW3)
            (wetE1) edge[connect] node[pos=0.12, below] {egg yolks} node[pos=1.0, right=3mm] {egg yolks}(E1)
            (wetE2) edge[connect] node[pos=0.2, above=3mm] {wet mix} (mixW1)
            (dryE1) edge[connect] node[pos=0.2, above] {dry mix}(mixW2)
            (mixE1) edge[connect] node[pos=1.0, right=3mm] {cookie batter}(E2);
    \end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

其他

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes.misc, positioning,intersections,calc,fit}

\begin{document}

\tikzset{->-/.style={decoration={
  markings,
  mark=at position .5 with {\arrow{latex}}},postaction={decorate}}}
\tikzset{-<-/.style={decoration={
  markings,
  mark=at position .5 with {\arrow{latex reversed}}},postaction={decorate}}}
    \begin{tikzpicture}


\coordinate(n0) at (0,0);
\node[minimum size=1cm,draw, above=0.5cm of n0] (n1) {};
\node[minimum size=1cm,draw, below=0.5cm of n0](n2){};
\node[minimum size=1cm,draw, right=5cm of n0](n3){};
\foreach \nn in {n1,n2,n3}{
    \foreach \pp in{25,33,50,67,75}{
    \coordinate (w-\nn-\pp) at ($(\nn.north west)!0.\pp!(\nn.south west) + (0.2,0)$);
    \coordinate (e-\nn-\pp) at ($(\nn.north east)!0.\pp!(\nn.south east) - (0.2,0)$);
    }
}

\draw[->-] (e-n1-50) to[out=0, in=180] node[pos=0.3,above]{dry mix} (w-n3-33);

\draw[->-] (e-n2-33) to[out=0, in=180] node[pos=0.3,above]{wet mix} (w-n3-67);

\node[draw,fit=(n1) (n2) (n3), minimum height=3.5cm, minimum width=7cm ](cadre){};

\foreach \pp in{16,33,50,67,83}{
    \coordinate (w-cadre-\pp) at ($(cadre.north west)!0.\pp!(cadre.south west) - (0.5,0)$);
    \coordinate (e-cadre-\pp) at ($(cadre.north east)!0.\pp!(cadre.south east) + (0.5,0)$);
}


\node[left] at (w-cadre-16)(flour){flour};
\node[left] at (w-cadre-33)(sugar){sugar};
\node[left] at (w-cadre-50)(salt){salt};
\node[left] at (w-cadre-67)(milk){milk};
\node[left] at (w-cadre-83)(eggs){eggs};

\node[right] at (e-cadre-33)(cookie){cookie baker};
\node[right] at (e-cadre-67)(yolks){egg yolks};

\draw[->-] (flour) to [out=0, in=180] ( w-n1-25);
\draw[->-] (sugar) to [out=0, in=180] ( w-n1-50);
\draw[->-] (salt) to [out=0, in=180] ( w-n1-75);
\draw[->-] (milk) to [out=0, in=180] ( w-n2-33);
\draw[->-] (eggs) to [out=0, in=180] ( w-n2-67);

\draw[->-] (e-n3-50) to [out=0, in=180] (cookie);

\draw[->-] (e-n2-67) to [out=0, in=180] (yolks);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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