我有一台配备 Intel 声卡的笔记本电脑，lspci报告为
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
它负责模拟音频（扬声器、3.5 毫米插孔）和 HDMI 声音（因为我的笔记本电脑有 HDMI 输出），如aplay --list-devices
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC269VB Analog [ALC269VB Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
显然声卡已配置并加载驱动程序。但是，媒体播放器不会发出任何声音。pavucontrol显示播放器有输出 - 在“播放”选项卡下，充当视觉反馈的滑块正在“弹跳”。但在“输出设备”选项卡下，同一个滑块根本没有反应。在“配置”选项卡下，“配置文件”设置为“模拟立体声双工”，它应该是这样。如果我将配置文件更改为“数字立体声（HDMI）输出”，前面提到的滑块会突然开始弹跳。现在对我来说很明显，ALSA 或 PulseAdio（我不知道该责怪哪一个）将 HDMI 芯片识别为默认芯片。alsamixer让我可以选择更换声卡，但不能选择更换芯片。
pactl list输出
Module #0
Name: module-device-restore
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Automatically restore the volume/mute state of devices"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #1
Name: module-stream-restore
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Automatically restore the volume/mute/device state of streams"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #2
Name: module-card-restore
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Automatically restore profile of cards"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #3
Name: module-augment-properties
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Augment the property sets of streams with additional static information"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #4
Name: module-switch-on-port-available
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
Module #5
Name: module-udev-detect
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Detect available audio hardware and load matching drivers"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #6
Name: module-alsa-card
Argument: device_id="0" name="pci-0000_00_1b.0" card_name="alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0" namereg_fail=false tsched=yes fixed_latency_range=no ignore_dB=no deferred_volume=yes use_ucm=yes card_properties="module-udev-detect.discovered=1"
Usage counter: 0
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "ALSA Card"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #7
Name: module-jackdbus-detect
Argument: channels=2
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "David Henningsson"
module.description = "Adds JACK sink/source ports when JACK is started"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #8
Name: module-bluetooth-policy
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Frédéric Dalleau"
module.description = "When a bluetooth sink or source is added, load module-loopback"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #9
Name: module-bluetooth-discover
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "João Paulo Rechi Vita"
module.description = "Detect available Bluetooth daemon and load the corresponding discovery module"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #10
Name: module-bluez5-discover
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "João Paulo Rechi Vita"
module.description = "Detect available BlueZ 5 Bluetooth audio devices and load BlueZ 5 Bluetooth audio drivers"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #11
Name: module-esound-protocol-unix
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "ESOUND protocol (UNIX sockets)"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #12
Name: module-native-protocol-unix
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Native protocol (UNIX sockets)"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #13
Name: module-gconf
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "GConf Adapter"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #14
Name: module-default-device-restore
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Automatically restore the default sink and source"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #15
Name: module-rescue-streams
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "When a sink/source is removed, try to move its streams to the default sink/source"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #16
Name: module-always-sink
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Colin Guthrie"
module.description = "Always keeps at least one sink loaded even if it's a null one"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #17
Name: module-intended-roles
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Automatically set device of streams based on intended roles of devices"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #18
Name: module-suspend-on-idle
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "When a sink/source is idle for too long, suspend it"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #19
Name: module-console-kit
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Create a client for each ConsoleKit session of this user"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #20
Name: module-systemd-login
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Create a client for each login session of this user"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #21
Name: module-position-event-sounds
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Position event sounds between L and R depending on the position on screen of the widget triggering them."
module.version = "5.0"
Module #22
Name: module-role-cork
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "Mute & cork streams with certain roles while others exist"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #23
Name: module-filter-heuristics
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Colin Guthrie"
module.description = "Detect when various filters are desirable"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #24
Name: module-filter-apply
Argument:
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Colin Guthrie"
module.description = "Load filter sinks automatically when needed"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #25
Name: module-x11-publish
Argument: display=:0.0
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "X11 credential publisher"
module.version = "5.0"
Module #26
Name: module-x11-xsmp
Argument: display=:0.0 session_manager=local/localhost:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/281,unix/localhost:/tmp/.ICE-unix/281
Usage counter: n/a
Properties:
module.author = "Lennart Poettering"
module.description = "X11 session management"
module.version = "5.0"
Sink #0
State: SUSPENDED
Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
Description: Built-in Audio Analog Stereo
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Owner Module: 6
Mute: no
Volume: front-left: 49145 / 75% / -7.50 dB, front-right: 49145 / 75% / -7.50 dB
balance 0.00
Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
Monitor Source: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor
Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "ALC269VB Analog"
alsa.id = "ALC269VB Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xd1b00000 irq 49"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "1c20"
device.product.name = "6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
alsa.mixer_name = "Intel CougarPoint HDMI"
alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0269,10250504,00100100 HDA:80862805,80860101,00100000"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Ports:
analog-output: Analog Output (priority: 9900)
analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority: 10000)
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority: 9000, not available)
Active Port: analog-output
Formats:
pcm
Source #0
State: SUSPENDED
Name: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo.monitor
Description: Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Owner Module: 6
Mute: no
Volume: front-left: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB, front-right: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
balance 0.00
Base Volume: 65536 / 100% / 0.00 dB
Monitor of Sink: alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
Flags: DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Properties:
device.description = "Monitor of Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
device.class = "monitor"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xd1b00000 irq 49"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "1c20"
device.product.name = "6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Formats:
pcm
Source #1
State: SUSPENDED
Name: alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1b.0.analog-stereo
Description: Built-in Audio Analog Stereo
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Sample Specification: s16le 2ch 44100Hz
Channel Map: front-left,front-right
Owner Module: 6
Mute: no
Volume: front-left: 8251 / 13% / -54.00 dB, front-right: 8251 / 13% / -54.00 dB
balance 0.00
Base Volume: 5206 / 8% / -66.00 dB
Monitor of Sink: n/a
Latency: 0 usec, configured 0 usec
Flags: HARDWARE HW_MUTE_CTRL HW_VOLUME_CTRL DECIBEL_VOLUME LATENCY
Properties:
alsa.resolution_bits = "16"
device.api = "alsa"
device.class = "sound"
alsa.class = "generic"
alsa.subclass = "generic-mix"
alsa.name = "ALC269VB Analog"
alsa.id = "ALC269VB Analog"
alsa.subdevice = "0"
alsa.subdevice_name = "subdevice #0"
alsa.device = "0"
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xd1b00000 irq 49"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "1c20"
device.product.name = "6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "front:0"
device.buffering.buffer_size = "352800"
device.buffering.fragment_size = "176400"
device.access_mode = "mmap+timer"
device.profile.name = "analog-stereo"
device.profile.description = "Analog Stereo"
device.description = "Built-in Audio Analog Stereo"
alsa.mixer_name = "Intel CougarPoint HDMI"
alsa.components = "HDA:10ec0269,10250504,00100100 HDA:80862805,80860101,00100000"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Ports:
analog-input-internal-mic: Internal Microphone (priority: 8900)
analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority: 8700, not available)
Active Port: analog-input-internal-mic
Formats:
pcm
Client #0
Driver: module-systemd-login.c
Owner Module: 20
Properties:
application.name = "Login Session c1"
systemd-login.session = "c1"
Client #3
Driver: module-x11-xsmp.c
Owner Module: 26
Properties:
application.name = "XSMP Session on xfce4-session as 2c7bf982c-3f0a-4235-93e5-780d27ff15f0"
xsmp.vendor = "xfce4-session"
xsmp.client.id = "2c7bf982c-3f0a-4235-93e5-780d27ff15f0"
Client #10
Driver: protocol-native.c
Owner Module: 12
Properties:
application.name = "pactl"
native-protocol.peer = "UNIX socket client"
native-protocol.version = "29"
application.process.id = "1707"
application.process.user = "tichomir"
application.process.host = "localhost"
application.process.binary = "pactl"
application.language = "C"
window.x11.display = ":0.0"
application.process.machine_id = "98bf0358e390486598b6233568214778"
application.process.session_id = "c1"
Card #0
Name: alsa_card.pci-0000_00_1b.0
Driver: module-alsa-card.c
Owner Module: 6
Properties:
alsa.card = "0"
alsa.card_name = "HDA Intel PCH"
alsa.long_card_name = "HDA Intel PCH at 0xd1b00000 irq 49"
alsa.driver_name = "snd_hda_intel"
device.bus_path = "pci-0000:00:1b.0"
sysfs.path = "/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1b.0/sound/card0"
device.bus = "pci"
device.vendor.id = "8086"
device.vendor.name = "Intel Corporation"
device.product.id = "1c20"
device.product.name = "6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller"
device.form_factor = "internal"
device.string = "0"
device.description = "Built-in Audio"
module-udev-detect.discovered = "1"
device.icon_name = "audio-card-pci"
Profiles:
input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 0, sources: 1, priority: 60, available: yes)
output:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 6000, available: yes)
output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Analog Stereo Duplex (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 6060, available: yes)
output:hdmi-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 5400, available: yes)
output:hdmi-stereo+input:analog-stereo: Digital Stereo (HDMI) Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 5460, available: yes)
output:hdmi-surround: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI) Output (sinks: 1, sources: 0, priority: 300, available: yes)
output:hdmi-surround+input:analog-stereo: Digital Surround 5.1 (HDMI) Output + Analog Stereo Input (sinks: 1, sources: 1, priority: 360, available: yes)
off: Off (sinks: 0, sources: 0, priority: 0, available: yes)
Active Profile: output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo
Ports:
analog-input-internal-mic: Internal Microphone (priority: 8900, latency offset: 0 usec)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
Part of profile(s): input:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:hdmi-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:hdmi-surround+input:analog-stereo
analog-input-mic: Microphone (priority: 8700, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-input-microphone"
Part of profile(s): input:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:hdmi-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:hdmi-surround+input:analog-stereo
analog-output: Analog Output (priority: 9900, latency offset: 0 usec)
Part of profile(s): output:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo
analog-output-speaker: Speakers (priority: 10000, latency offset: 0 usec)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-speakers"
Part of profile(s): output:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo
analog-output-headphones: Headphones (priority: 9000, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "audio-headphones"
Part of profile(s): output:analog-stereo, output:analog-stereo+input:analog-stereo
hdmi-output-0: HDMI / DisplayPort (priority: 5900, latency offset: 0 usec, not available)
Properties:
device.icon_name = "video-display"
Part of profile(s): output:hdmi-stereo, output:hdmi-stereo+input:analog-stereo, output:hdmi-surround, output:hdmi-surround+input:analog-stereo
答案1
我通过添加以下代码解决了这个问题/etc/asound.conf
pcm.custom
{
type plug
slave
{
pcm "dmix:0,0"
}
}
pcm.!default pcm.custom