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如何在 Tikz 中绘制“特定”箭头

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf
如何在 Tikz 中绘制“特定”箭头

我正在尝试重现此图。但我无法画出箭头？你能帮我吗？

另外，有没有办法以某种方式唯一地定义一个点的坐标，例如用 (a) 代替 (-2.5.6.0)，对其他点也同样如此？非常感谢

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[margin=20pt]{standalone}
%\documentclass{minimal}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{bm}

\newcommand{\degre}{\ensuremath{^\circ}}
% \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{phv}
\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}


  \renewcommand{\rmdefault}{phv}
     %\usepackage{mathpple}
     %\usepackage{palatino}

     \usepackage{lxfonts}


\usepackage{sansmath}

\begin{document}

\newcommand{\boundellipse}[3]% center, xdim, ydim
{(#1) ellipse (#2 and #3)
}

\begin{tikzpicture}
%\draw \boundellipse{0,0}{10}{5};
%\draw \boundellipse{4,1}{-2}{4};
\draw[very thick, fill=white] \boundellipse{-2,4}{2}{3};

\draw[very thick, fill=white] \boundellipse{4,4}{2}{3};


%%%ELEMENTI DI A

\draw [very thick,fill=black,fill opacity=1.0] (-2.5,6.0) circle (0.1cm);
\draw[color=black] (-2.5,6.0) node[below = 3] {\Large $a$};


\draw [very thick,fill=black,fill opacity=1.0] (-1.5,4.0) circle (0.1cm);
\draw[color=black] (-1.5,4.0) node[left = 3] {\Large $b$};


\draw [very thick,fill=black,fill opacity=1.0] (-2.0,2.0) circle (0.1cm);
\draw[color=black] (-2.0,2.0) node[left = 3] {\Large $c$};

\draw[color=black] (-4.0,2.0) node[left = 3] {\Huge $A$}; %%NOME INSIEME A



%%%ELEMENTI DI B

\draw [very thick,fill=black,fill opacity=1.0] (3.5,6.0) circle (0.1cm);
\draw[color=black] (3.5,6.0) node[below = 3] {\Large $1$};


\draw [very thick,fill=black,fill opacity=1.0] (2.5,4.0) circle (0.1cm);
\draw[color=black] (2.5,4.0) node[right = 3] {\Large $2$};


\draw [very thick,fill=black,fill opacity=1.0] (3.0,2.0) circle (0.1cm);
\draw[color=black] (3.0,2.0) node[right = 3] {\Large $3$};


\draw[color=black] (7.0,2.0) node[left = 3] {\Huge $B$}; %%NOME INSIEME B








\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案1

要获得弯曲的箭头，您可以执行以下操作\draw [->] (a) to[bend left] (b);。

此外，正如我在评论中提到的，您可以使用\coordinate (foo) at (x,y);它来保存坐标。但使用节点来保存点可能同样容易，例如定义一个样式，如

  dot/.style={
    circle,fill,draw,minimum size=2mm,inner sep=0
  }

并使用

\node [dot,label=below:\Large$a$] (a) at (-2.5,6.0) {};

$a$在指定的坐标处绘制一个填充黑色的圆圈，圆圈下方有一个。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[margin=20pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcommand{\boundellipse}[3]% center, xdim, ydim
{(#1) ellipse (#2 and #3)
}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  dot/.style={
    circle,fill,draw,minimum size=2mm,inner sep=0
  }]

\draw[very thick, fill=white] \boundellipse{-2,4}{2}{3};
\draw[very thick, fill=white] \boundellipse{4,4}{2}{3};


%%%ELEMENTI DI A
\node [dot,label=below:\Large$a$] (a) at (-2.5,6.0) {};
\node [dot,label=left:\Large$b$] (b) at (-1.5,4.0) {};
\node [dot,label=left:\Large$c$] (c) at (-2,2.0) {};

\node at (-4.3,2.0)  {\Huge $A$}; %%NOME INSIEME A

%%%ELEMENTI DI B
\node [dot,label=below:\Large$1$] (1) at (3.5,6.0) {};
\node [dot,label=right:\Large$2$] (2) at (2.5,4.0) {};
\node [dot,label=right:\Large$3$] (3) at (3.0,2.0) {};

\node at (6.5,2.0) {\Huge $B$}; %%NOME INSIEME B


% arrows
\begin{scope}[red,-latex]
% all paths in the scope will be red by default, with the "latex" arrow tip at the end

\draw (a) to[bend left] (1);

\draw (b) to[bend left] (1);
\draw (b) -- (2);
\draw (b) to[bend right] (3);

\draw (c) to[bend right] (3);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

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