\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tikz,bbm}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[t]{Population vs.\ sample based PCA}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[latex-latex] (0,0) -- (0,1) -- (8,1) coordinate[midway](X) -- (8,0);
\draw (X) -- ++(0,1) node[above]{PCA};
\end{tikzpicture}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.6\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Population PCA
\item $x\in\mathbbm{R}^m$, random vector
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.4\textwidth}
\begin{itemize}
\item Sample based PCA
\item $\mu,\Sigma$ not known
\end{itemize}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
\end{document}