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awk for 循环文件中的每一行

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awk for 循环文件中的每一行

我需要弄清楚如何循环遍历文本文件，并为每一行获取 name 、project # 和 email 字段，并将它们替换到要发送的电子邮件模板中。

这是名为 send.txt 的文本文件：

Project 1,Jack,Chen,06,12,[email protected]
Project 2,Emily,Weiss,06,12,[email protected]
Project 3,Mary,Gonzalas,06,12,[email protected]

这是名为 Reminder.email 的电子邮件模板：

Dear __FULLNAME__: 

This is a kindly reminder that our __Project__ meeting will be held on today. 

Best Regards, 
CIS5027

因此，对于文本文件中的每一行，我需要在此电子邮件模板中替换以下字段全名： ， 和项目。使用我可以为第一行执行的相应值，但是我无法为每一行执行此操作。

这是我的脚本

#

!/bin/sh
#Start your code from here

date= date "+%m/%d/%y"
print $date

#The following line is to scan a file called Event-member.data and return any lines with todays date and save them to a file called sendtoday.txt

grep -n $(date +"%m,%d") Event-member.data > sendtoday.txt

#The following line is to remove the first to characters of the file created above sendtoday.txt and output that to a file called send.txt.

cat sendtoday.txt | sed 's/^..//' > send.txt


#This is where im having trouble. When storing the values for the variables below of name, email, project #. The value of NR==1 thus it never goes through the rest of the lines. I've tried different solutions but none seem to work.

p=$(awk -F ',' 'NR==1{print $1}' send.txt)
n=$(awk -F ',' 'NR==1{print $2}' send.txt)
l=$(awk -F ',' 'NR==1{print $3}' send.txt)
e=$(awk -F ',' 'NR==1{print $6}' send.txt)

echo $p  $n  $l  $e

#This part is to replace the values in the email template using sed and save the modified template as sendnow.txt.  

sed -e "s/__FULLNAME__:/\ $n $l :/g;s/__Project__/\ $p /g" Reminder.email > sendnow.txt

cat sendnow.txt


#Yet to be written ... send out modified email templates.
exit 0

########

这是它产生的输出：

06/12/14
Project 1 Jack Chen [email protected]
Dear  Jack Chen : 

This is a kindly reminder that our  Project 1  meeting will be held on today. 

Best Regards, 
CIS5027

正如你所看到的，它确实正确地取代了字段，但仅限于陈杰克。 send.txt 文件中有 3 行，因此上述模板必须有 3 个修改版本。

答案1

没有理由使用awk它。您可以直接在 shell 中使用read。一般格式是read foo bar将第一个字段保存为 ，$foo每行的其余部分保存为$bar。因此，就您而言，您会执行以下操作：

while IFS="," read p n l foo bar e; do 
    sed -e "s/__FULLNAME__:/\ $n $l :/g;s/__Project__/\ $p /g" Reminder.email; 
done < file

是IFS输入字段分隔符，当设置为,读取逗号分隔字段时。这使您可以获取每个字段并将其存储在变量中。请注意，我使用了两个额外的变量foo和bar。这是因为每个字段都需要自己的变量名，而您有 6 个字段。如果您只给出 4 个变量名称，则第 4 个 ( $e) 将包含字段 4 到最后一个。

现在，您的脚本中存在各种其他语法错误。首先shebang行是错误的，你需要，在和之间#! /bin/sh不能有空行。另外，为了分配#!/bin/sh输出将命令传递给变量时，需要使用var=`command`or ，最好使用var=$(command)格式。否则，命令本身作为字符串而不是其输出分配给变量。最后，print不是你想的那样。您正在寻找printf或echo。因此，编写脚本的更好方法是：

#!/bin/sh

date=$(date "+%m/%d/%y")
echo $date

## The following line is to scan a file called Event-member.data 
## and return any lines with todays date and save them to a file 
## called sendtoday.txt
grep -n $(date +"%m,%d") Event-member.data > sendtoday.txt

## The following line is to remove the first to characters of the file
## created above sendtoday.txt and output that to a file called
## send.txt. 
## I rewrote this to avoid the useless use of cat.
sed 's/^..//' sendtoday.txt > send.txt


## This is where you use read
while IFS="," read p n l foo bar e; do 
    sed -e "s/__FULLNAME__:/\ $n $l :/g;s/__Project__/\ $p /g" Reminder.email > sendnow.txt
    cat sendnow.txt
    ## This is where you need to add the code that sends the emails. Something
    ## like this:
    sendmail $e < sendnow.txt

done < send.txt

exit 0

########

答案2

您使用了 NR==1 条件NR==1{print $1}。这意味着它将考虑 的第一行send.txt。使用 NR==2 条件获取第二行，依此类推。或者使用循环遍历所有行，例如

while read line
do
  p=`echo $line | awk -F '.' '{print $1}'`
  n=`echo $line | awk -F '.' '{print $2}'`
  l=`echo $line | awk -F '.' '{print $3}'`
  e=`echo $line | awk -F '.' '{print $1}'`

  sed -e "s/\__FULLNAME\__:/\ $n $l :/g;s/\__Project__/\ $p /g" Reminder.email > sendnow.txt

done<send.txt

答案3

也许将你的脚本包装成类似的东西

for i in $(cat send.txt); do echo "line: $i"; done

？

答案4

cat xtmp |  awk '{s++; do_aything_you_want_here }'

**s++ 遍历每一行 **

cat xtmp
111
222
333
444

cat xtmp |  awk '{s++; print($1,"QQQ") }'
111 QQQ
222 QQQ
333 QQQ
444 QQQ

cat xtmp |  awk '{s++; print($1+3,"QQQ") }'
114 QQQ
225 QQQ
336 QQQ
447 QQQ

cat xtmp |  awk '{s++; for(i=1; i<=4 ; i++) print $1 }'  # this will repeat each line 4 time

cat tmp | awk '{s++; a=a+$1; print(s" "$1" "a)}' instead of a=a+$1 you can use a+=$1
1 111 111
2 222 333
3 333 666
4 444 1110

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