我目前正在支持的论文有相当多的参考书目，因此自然会进行一些分组，主要基于关键词（\printbibliography[heading=sec,notkeyword=prim,notkeyword=med,notkeyword=hs,notkeyword=lex,notkeyword=onl]例如）
参考书目的一部分应专门介绍各种百科全书。此处明显的书目类型是@reference和@inreference
有些来源只引用百科全书中的一篇文章，而这篇文章不会在其他地方被引用，对于这些来源，我选择使用 类型@inreference，提供整个百科全书的所有详细信息。其他来源是一部百科全书的多个条目，因此我使用@reference来引用整个作品，并且@inreference对于每个条目，交叉引用整个作品以获得正确的连接。正如在其他印刷书目中看到的那样，目的是首先列出所有被引用多次的作品，并给出该作品的缩写。然后是所有引用条目的列表，缩写主要作品（交叉引用）以减少混乱和冗余。
请考虑以下（希望如此） MWE：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepackage[style=authoryear,backend=bibtex8,sorting=nyt,mincrossrefs=1]{biblatex}
\begin{filecontents}{Bibliography.bib}
@inreference{fantametz,
crossref = {metzler},
author = {Antonsen, Jan Erik},
title = {Phantastische Literatur},
pages = {581\psq},
keywords = {lex}
}
@inreference{metametz,
crossref = {metzler},
author = {Sp{\"o}rl, Uwe},
title = {Metafiktion},
pages = {493\psq},
keywords = {lex}
}
@reference{metzler,
editor = {Burdorf, Dieter and Fasbender, Christoph and Moennighoff, Burkhard},
year = {2007},
title = {Metzler Lexikon Literatur},
subtitle = {Begriffe und Definitionen},
titleaddon = {Begr{\"u}ndet v. G{\"u}nther u. Irmgard Schweikle},
shorttitle = {MLL},
shorthand = {Metzler 2007},
edition = {3., v{\"o}llig neu bearb. Aufl.},
publisher = {Metzler},
location = {Stuttgart},
keywords = {lex}
}
@inreference{fidakult,
crossref = {metzlerK},
author = {Nieragden, G{\"o}ran},
title = {Figurendarstelling, literarische},
pages = {200},
keywords = {lex}
}
@inreference{metakult,
crossref = {metzlerK},
author = {Wolf, Werner},
title = {Metafiktion},
pages = {487\psqq},
keywords = {lex}
}
@reference{metzlerK,
editor = {N{\"u}nning, Ansgar},
title = {Metzler Lexikon Literatur- und Kulturtheorie},
subtitle = {Ans{\"a}tze -- Personen -- Grundbegriffe},
shorttitle = {MLLK},
year = {2008},
edition = {4., aktual. u. erw. Aufl.},
publisher = {Metzler},
location = {Stuttgart},
keywords = {lex}
}
@inreference{hwphwelt,
author = {Dirks, Ulrich},
title = {Welt},
pages = {407--443},
number = {Bd. 12: W-Z},
keywords = {lex},
publisher = {{Schwabe Verlag}},
editor = {Ritter, Joachim and Gr{\"u}nder, Karlfried and Gabriel, Gottfried},
booktitle = {Historisches W{\"o}rterbuch der Philosophie},
year = {2004},
location = {Basel},
booktitleaddon = {V{\"o}llig neubearbeitete Ausgabe des
\textit{W{\"o}rterbuchs der philosophischen Begriffe} von Rudolf Eisler.},
volumes = {13}
}
@inreference{hpgwelt,
author = {Schmitz, Hermann},
title = {Welt},
pages = {2466--2484},
number = {Bd. 3 (Quantität -- Zweifel)},
keywords = {lex},
publisher = {{Karl Alber}},
editor = {Kolmer, Petra and Wildfeuer, Armin G.},
booktitle = {Neues Handbuch philosophischer Grundbegriffe},
year = {2011},
location = {Freiburg and M{\"u}nchen},
booktitleaddon = {Begr{\"u}ndet von Hermann Krings, Hans Michael Baumgartner und Christoph Wild.},
volumes = {3}
}
@reference{routledge,
year = {2008},
title = {Routledge Encyclopedia of Narrative Theory},
shorttitle = {RENT},
publisher = {Routledge},
keywords = {lex},
editor = {Herman, David and Jahn, Manfred and Ryan, Marie-Laure},
location = {London and New York}
}
@inreference{stgel,
crossref = {routledge},
author = {Saint-Gelais, Richard},
title = {Transfictionality},
pages = {612--613},
keywords = {lex}
}
@inreference{poss,
crossref = {routledge},
author = {Ryan, Marie-Laure},
title = {Possible-Worlds Theory},
pages = {446--450},
keywords = {lex}
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{Bibliography.bib}
\input{Bibdriver} %Custom drivers
\begin{document}
This is a sample text much like LoremIpsum, but different. Cite1:\cite{hpgwelt}, Cite2:\cite{hwphwelt}, Cite3:\cite{metakult}, Cite4:\cite{fidakult}, Cite5:\cite{metametz}, Cite6:\cite{fantametz}, Cite7:\cite{stgel}, Cite8:\cite{poss}\\
I use nocite to have one citytion for every reference:\nocite{metzlerK}\nocite{metzler}\nocite{routledge}
\printbibliography[heading=lex,type=reference,keyword=lex]
\printbibliography[heading=lexEntries,type=inreference,keyword=lex]
\end{document}
与我的自定义 Bibdriver.tex 一起：
\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{page={{}{}},pages={{}{}}} %Keine Seitenangabe
%\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{citedas={im Folgenden zit\adddotspace als}}
%\DefineBibliographyStrings{ngerman}{citedas={im Folgenden im Text zit\adddotspace als}}
% Custom headings
\defbibheading{lex}{\subsection{Lexikoneinträge}}
\defbibheading{lexEntries}{}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{reference}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\iffieldundef{shorttitle}
{}%
{\printfield{shorttitle} =}%
\iffieldundef{editor}
{}{
\usebibmacro{editor+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
}
\usebibmacro{maintitle+title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byeditor+others}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit
\printfield{pagetotal}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{inreference}{%
\iffieldundef{crossref}%
{\usebibmacro{crossref:full}}%
{\usebibmacro{crossref:label}}%
}%
\newbibmacro{crossref:full}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\usebibmacro{title}%
\newunit
\printlist{language}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{byauthor}%
\usebibmacro{bytranslator}% Übersetzer anzeigen
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\usebibmacro{maintitle+booktitle}%
\newunit\newblock
% \usebibmacro{byeditor+others}% Hier keinen Übersetzer anzeigen
\usebibmacro{byeditor}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{edition}%
\newunit
\iffieldundef{maintitle}
{\printfield{volume}%
\printfield{part}}
{}%
\newunit
\printfield{volumes}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number}%
\newunit\newblock
\printfield{note}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{publisher+location+date}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\newunit\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:isbn}
{\printfield{isbn}}
{}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{addendum+pubstate}%
\setunit{\bibpagerefpunct}\newblock
% \usebibmacro{pageref}% fügt bei erstem, vollem Zitat ein Leerfeld zwischen Gesamtseitenzahlen und Komma vor zitierter Seite ein?
\usebibmacro{finentry}% Punkt am Ende des Eintrags
}
\newbibmacro{crossref:label}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\usebibmacro{author}%/translator+others}%
\setunit{\labelnamepunct}\newblock
\printfield{title}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{in:}%
\printfield{shorttitle}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{series+number},%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{doi+eprint+url}%
\newunit\newblock
\usebibmacro{chapter+pages}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}% Punkt am Ende des Eintrags
}
输出如下：
有两个错误，我尝试修复但失败了：
最明显的一个是引用百科全书（我指的是全部作品）的排序顺序。我想按
shorttitle文件对它们进行排序，但是使用：\DeclareSortingTemplate{references}{ \sort{ \field{sorttitle} \field{title} } \sort{ \field[strside=left,strwidth=4]{sortyear} \field[strside=left,strwidth=4]{year} \literal{9999} } \sort{ \field{sortname} \field{author} \field{editor} } }并且
\newrefcontext[sorting=references]在第一个之前强制执行\printbibliography不起作用。没有错误，只是没有打印整个参考书目。- 为 -reference 定义的简写
metzler用于每个@incollectioncrossref 的 this@reference。使用\DeclareDataInheritance{reference}{inreference}{\noinherit{shorthand}}不会引发任何错误，但结果保持不变。
我想按简称对整个作品进行排序的原因应该很明显：布局建议按字母顺序排列列表，按 排序shorttitle。不使用的原因shorthand也是一样的：我可能会调整速记列表的输出，这样它就会显示整个参考书目条目并按速记键对所有内容进行排序，但对单个文章的每一个引用最终都会被指定为该作品的速记，这不是可行的选择。
所以 TL;DR：为什么它不起作用？我确信这可以实现，但似乎我忽略了显而易见的东西。
答案1
\DeclareSortingTemplate和\DeclareDataInheritance是 Biber 独有的功能，如果您只运行 BibTeX8，则无法使用。它们只是警告中提到的两个功能
Package biblatex Warning: Using fall-back BibTeX(8) backend:
(biblatex) functionality may be reduced/unavailable.
当您使用backend=bibtex或时获得的结果backend=bibtex8。
我还建议使用
\begin{refcontext}[sorting=references]
\printbibliography[heading=lex,type=reference,keyword=lex]
\end{refcontext}
\printbibliography[heading=lexEntries,type=inreference,keyword=lex]
而不是\newrefcontext。这样更安全，因为 refcontext 现在仅限于第一个参考书目。
无需 refcontexts 即可工作的解决方案将仅填充sortkey条目的字段@reference，因为所有@reference条目都位于同一个字段中，\printbibliography因此也会根据需要对它们进行排序。（当然，您会在字段中重复信息sortkey，因此这可能感觉有点临时。）
第二个问题对我来说看起来很可疑，但实际上只是 BibTeX 的全继承方法的产物：https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/794。Biber 有一个更复杂的继承方案，其中shorthands没有继承。