如何创建像右侧编号椭圆形的草图来帮助识别集体照中的人物？以 1927 年第五届索尔维会议的集体照为例
如果您想在其他图像上测试答案，这里有一些由@StevenB.Segletes 贡献的类似图片
从1913年第二届索尔维会议开始：
以及 BRL SAC 的一份（1940 年）
顺便说一句，世界上第一台计算机 ENIAC 就位于背景中正在建造的建筑物的一翼（B328，APG，MD）。
答案1
以下示例采用两步方法。
第一步：标记人物
可以使用以下方式显示网格覆盖的图像
\tagimage[\linewidth]{700px-Solvay_conference_1927}
这样可以更轻松地获取人物的坐标。它们被逐一添加到\tagpeople{}宏中。
例如添加一个连续编号的人员：
\tagpeople{
\tagperson{0.060,0.505}
}
或者具有用户定义标签的人：
\tagpersonlabel{0.060,0.505}{x}
（这两个命令还可以使用可选参数来移动标签的位置，例如\tagperson[xshift=0.5cm]{0.150,0.485}或\tagpersonlabel[yshift=0.5cm]{0.092,0.455}{x}）
第二步：显示标记的图像
编号的省略号现在可以显示为\showtags[\linewidth]{700px-Solvay_conference_1927}
或者，可以使用以下方式显示与椭圆叠加的半透明版本图像\showtagsimage[\linewidth]{700px-Solvay_conference_1927}
完整 MWE：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[
% showframe=true
]{geometry}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{xparse}
\usepackage{tikz}
\makeatletter
\tikzset{%
tag ellipse/.style={%
black!80!white,
fill=white,
},
tag label/.style={%
black,
},
}
\newlength{\tagimage@y}
\newcounter{tagimage@count}
\newcommand{\@tagpeople}{}
\newcommand{\tagpeople}[1]{%
\def\@tagpeople{#1}%
}
\newcommand{\tagpersonlabel}[3][]{%
\stepcounter{tagimage@count}%
\draw[tag ellipse] (#2) ellipse [x radius=0.019, y radius=0.038] node[tag label,#1] {#3};%
}
\newcommand{\tagperson}[2][]{%
\stepcounter{tagimage@count}%
\draw[tag ellipse] (#2) ellipse [x radius=0.019, y radius=0.038] node[tag label,#1] {\thetagimage@count};%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% create debug plot to place the ellipses and labels
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% parameter:
% #1 [optional] image width, default \linewidth
% #2 image name
\newcommand{\tagimage}[2][\linewidth]{%
\setcounter{tagimage@count}{0}%
\noindent%
\settoheight{\tagimage@y}{\includegraphics[width=#1]{#2}}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=#1,y=\tagimage@y]%
% origional image %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\node[anchor=south west,inner sep=0] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=#1]{#2}};
% grid for positioning %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{pgfinterruptboundingbox}
\draw[help lines,xstep=.025,ystep=.025,gray] (0,0) grid (1,1);
\draw[help lines,xstep=.1,ystep=.1,white] (0,0) grid (1,1);
\foreach \x in {0,1,...,9} { \node [anchor=north] at (\x/10,0) {.\x}; }
\foreach \y in {0,1,...,9} { \node [anchor=east] at (0,\y/10) {.\y}; }
\end{pgfinterruptboundingbox}
% ellipses %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\@tagpeople%
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% display just ellipses and tags
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% parameter:
% #1 [optional] image width, default \linewidth
% #2 image name
\newcommand{\showtags}[2][\linewidth]{%
\noindent%
\setcounter{tagimage@count}{0}%
\settoheight{\tagimage@y}{\includegraphics[width=#1]{#2}}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=#1,y=\tagimage@y]%
\@tagpeople%
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%
% display tags over semi-opaque image
%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% parameter:
% #1 [optional] image width, default \linewidth
% #2 image name
% #3 [optional] south west corner of optional clip
% #4 [optional] north east corner of optional clip
\NewDocumentCommand{\showtagsimage}{ O{\linewidth} m O{0,0} O{1,1}}{%
\noindent%
\setcounter{tagimage@count}{0}%
\settoheight{\tagimage@y}{\includegraphics[width=#1]{#2}}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[x=#1,y=\tagimage@y]%
% black/white image %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\clip (#3) rectangle (#4);
\node[anchor=south west,inner sep=0] at (0,0) {\includegraphics[width=#1]{#2}};
\fill[white,opacity=0.7] (0,0) rectangle (1,1);
% ellipses %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\@tagpeople
\end{tikzpicture}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\tagpeople{%
% \tagpersonlabel{0.060,0.505}{1}
% \tagpersonlabel[yshift=0.5cm]{0.092,0.455}{2}
% \tagperson[xshift=0.5cm]{0.150,0.485}
\tagperson{0.060,0.505}
\tagperson{0.092,0.455}
\tagperson{0.150,0.485}
\tagperson{0.169,0.631}
\tagperson{0.198,0.450}
\tagperson{0.243,0.599}
\tagperson{0.252,0.505}
\tagperson{0.295,0.575}
\tagperson{0.300,0.455}
\tagperson{0.365,0.498}
\tagperson{0.376,0.579}
\tagperson{0.412,0.445}
\tagperson{0.469,0.573}
\tagperson{0.482,0.510}
\tagperson{0.543,0.458}
\tagperson{0.544,0.595}
\tagperson{0.570,0.508}
\tagperson{0.627,0.589}
\tagperson{0.635,0.458}
\tagperson{0.665,0.496}
\tagperson{0.710,0.591}
\tagperson{0.718,0.455}
\tagperson{0.774,0.495}
\tagperson{0.779,0.598}
\tagperson{0.832,0.635}
\tagperson{0.833,0.449}
\tagperson{0.874,0.486}
\tagperson{0.882,0.596}
\tagperson{0.913,0.432}
}%
% debug plot
\tagimage[\linewidth]{700px-Solvay_conference_1927}%
\clearpage
% just the lables
\noindent
\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{700px-Solvay_conference_1927}
{
\centering
\showtags[\linewidth]{700px-Solvay_conference_1927}
}%
\noindent 1: Debye, 2: Langmuir, 3: Knudsen, 4: Piccard, 5: Planck, 6: Henriot, 7: Bragg, 8: Ehrenfest, 9: Curie, 10: Kramers, 11: Herzen, 12: Lorentz, 13: de Donder, 14: Dirac, 15: Einstein, 16: Schrödinger, 17: Compton, 18: Verschaffelt, 19: Langevin, 20: de Broglie, 21: Pauli, 22: Guye, 23: Born, 24: Heisenberg, 25: Fowler, 26: Wilson, 27: Bohr, 28: Brillouin, 29: Richardson
\clearpage
% lables and semi-opaque image
\tikzset{%
tag ellipse/.style={%
black,
fill=white,
opacity=0.5
},
}
\showtagsimage[\linewidth]{700px-Solvay_conference_1927}%
\noindent 1: Debye, 2: Langmuir, 3: Knudsen, 4: Piccard, 5: Planck, 6: Henriot, 7: Bragg, 8: Ehrenfest, 9: Curie, 10: Kramers, 11: Herzen, 12: Lorentz, 13: de Donder, 14: Dirac, 15: Einstein, 16: Schrödinger, 17: Compton, 18: Verschaffelt, 19: Langevin, 20: de Broglie, 21: Pauli, 22: Guye, 23: Born, 24: Heisenberg, 25: Fowler, 26: Wilson, 27: Bohr, 28: Brillouin, 29: Richardson
\end{document}
