“没有名为 X 的形状是已知的”，当使用 \foreach 循环时，该形状是已知的并在其他地方使用

Question 1

这是因为括号写在下一行，从而产生了虚假空格。只需在行末进行注释即可。

\documentclass{standalone}% For the example only, any class will do

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}% To get more advances positioning options
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}% To get more arrow heads
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,trees,hobby,calc}

\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{block}=[rectangle, draw=black, rounded corners, ultra thick,
        text centered, anchor=north, text=white, text width=1cm, text height=.3cm]
\tikzstyle{bblock}=[block, fill=blue!50]


\begin{tikzpicture}

%blob
\path[draw,green,fill=red,thick,use Hobby shortcut,closed=true, opacity=0.2]
(-.5,.3) .. (1.5,2.5) .. (2.8,3.6) .. (4,3) .. (4.2,0) .. (4,-3) 
.. (2.8,-3.6) .. (1.5,-2.5) .. (-.5,-.3)
;

\path[draw,red,fill=green,thick,use Hobby shortcut,closed=true, opacity=0.2]
(12.5,.3) .. (10.5,2.5) .. (9.2,3.6) .. (8,3) .. (7.8,0) .. (8,-3) 
.. (9.2,-3.6) .. (10.5,-2.5) .. (12.5,-.3)
;

\node[text=red] at (1.8,0) {\Huge S}; 
\node[text=green] at (10.2,0) {\Huge T}; 

%nodes
%   \pos = position
%   \lb = label
%   \t = text
\foreach \pos / \lb / \t in {
    (0,-1)/S1/$ $,
    (0,1)/S2/$ $,
%   
    (3,-2)/T1/$B$,
    (3,1)/T2/$ $,
%   
    (6,-3)/U1/$ $,
    (6,0)/U2/$B_{DP}$,
    (6,2)/U3/$ $,
%
    (9,-2.5)/V1/$ $,
    (9,-1)/V2/$ $,
    (9,1.5)/V3/$ $
    }
{
    \node[bblock] (\lb) at \pos {\t};
}

%arrows
\foreach \f/\t/\b in {
    S1/T1/0, 
    S2/T2/0,
    S2/T1/0,
    S1/T2/0,
    T1/U1/0,
    T1/U2/0,
    T2/U3/0,
    U1/V1/0,
    U2/V2/0,
    U2/V3/0,
    U3/V3/0
    }
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (\f) edge[bend right=\b] (\t);
}

%in arrows
\foreach \t in {%
    S1,
    S2% comment to avoid spurious space
    }
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] ($ (\t) + (-1.5,.4) $) -- (\t);
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] ($ (\t) + (-1.5,-.4) $) -- (\t);
}

%out arrows
\foreach \t in {
    V1,
    V2,
    V3% comment to avoid spurious space
    }
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (\t) -- ($ (\t) + (1.5,.4) $);
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (\t) -- ($ (\t) + (1.5,-.4) $);
}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Answer

这是因为括号写在下一行，从而产生了虚假空格。只需在行末进行注释即可。

\documentclass{standalone}% For the example only, any class will do

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}% To get more advances positioning options
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}% To get more arrow heads
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,trees,hobby,calc}

\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{block}=[rectangle, draw=black, rounded corners, ultra thick,
        text centered, anchor=north, text=white, text width=1cm, text height=.3cm]
\tikzstyle{bblock}=[block, fill=blue!50]


\begin{tikzpicture}

%blob
\path[draw,green,fill=red,thick,use Hobby shortcut,closed=true, opacity=0.2]
(-.5,.3) .. (1.5,2.5) .. (2.8,3.6) .. (4,3) .. (4.2,0) .. (4,-3) 
.. (2.8,-3.6) .. (1.5,-2.5) .. (-.5,-.3)
;

\path[draw,red,fill=green,thick,use Hobby shortcut,closed=true, opacity=0.2]
(12.5,.3) .. (10.5,2.5) .. (9.2,3.6) .. (8,3) .. (7.8,0) .. (8,-3) 
.. (9.2,-3.6) .. (10.5,-2.5) .. (12.5,-.3)
;

\node[text=red] at (1.8,0) {\Huge S}; 
\node[text=green] at (10.2,0) {\Huge T}; 

%nodes
%   \pos = position
%   \lb = label
%   \t = text
\foreach \pos / \lb / \t in {
    (0,-1)/S1/$ $,
    (0,1)/S2/$ $,
%   
    (3,-2)/T1/$B$,
    (3,1)/T2/$ $,
%   
    (6,-3)/U1/$ $,
    (6,0)/U2/$B_{DP}$,
    (6,2)/U3/$ $,
%
    (9,-2.5)/V1/$ $,
    (9,-1)/V2/$ $,
    (9,1.5)/V3/$ $
    }
{
    \node[bblock] (\lb) at \pos {\t};
}

%arrows
\foreach \f/\t/\b in {
    S1/T1/0, 
    S2/T2/0,
    S2/T1/0,
    S1/T2/0,
    T1/U1/0,
    T1/U2/0,
    T2/U3/0,
    U1/V1/0,
    U2/V2/0,
    U2/V3/0,
    U3/V3/0
    }
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (\f) edge[bend right=\b] (\t);
}

%in arrows
\foreach \t in {%
    S1,
    S2% comment to avoid spurious space
    }
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] ($ (\t) + (-1.5,.4) $) -- (\t);
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] ($ (\t) + (-1.5,-.4) $) -- (\t);
}

%out arrows
\foreach \t in {
    V1,
    V2,
    V3% comment to avoid spurious space
    }
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (\t) -- ($ (\t) + (1.5,.4) $);
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (\t) -- ($ (\t) + (1.5,-.4) $);
}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

Question 2

以下是如何使用\xintFor（来自包xinttools): 它修剪项目的空格（前导和尾随），因此不会出现@AndréC 分析的那种问题。

另一方面，当 n-nuple 包含本身也是 n-uple 的元素时，n-uples 列表的语法会变得更加复杂。这里是 3-uples，其第一个组件是配对。我们必须将后者隐藏在括号中。

\xintFor没有\foreach诸如1, 2, ..., 10语法之类的良好功能。

它不使用组，也不使用宏来保存值。

它还经过特别设计，可用于生成表格中的行。

\documentclass{standalone}% For the example only, any class will do

\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}% To get more advances positioning options
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}% To get more arrow heads
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,trees,hobby,calc}

\usepackage{xinttools}% \xintFor trims spaces...

\begin{document}

\tikzstyle{block}=[rectangle, draw=black, rounded corners, ultra thick,
        text centered, anchor=north, text=white, text width=1cm, text height=.3cm]
\tikzstyle{bblock}=[block, fill=blue!50]

\begin{tikzpicture}

%blob
\path[draw,green,fill=red,thick,use Hobby shortcut,closed=true, opacity=0.2]
(-.5,.3) .. (1.5,2.5) .. (2.8,3.6) .. (4,3) .. (4.2,0) .. (4,-3) 
.. (2.8,-3.6) .. (1.5,-2.5) .. (-.5,-.3)
;

\path[draw,red,fill=green,thick,use Hobby shortcut,closed=true, opacity=0.2]
(12.5,.3) .. (10.5,2.5) .. (9.2,3.6) .. (8,3) .. (7.8,0) .. (8,-3) 
.. (9.2,-3.6) .. (10.5,-2.5) .. (12.5,-.3)
;

\node[text=red] at (1.8,0) {\Huge S}; 
\node[text=green] at (10.2,0) {\Huge T}; 

%nodes
%   #1 (= \pos) = position
%   #2 (= \lb) = label
%   #3 (= \t) = text
%\foreach \pos / \lb / \t in {
%    (0,-1)/S1/$ $,
\xintForthree #1#2#3 in {% list of 3-tuples
% we *must* hide the parentheses and commas used inside individual
% components of the 3-tuple
    (  {(0,-1)}  , S1  , $ $  ), 
    (  {(0,1)}   , S2  , $ $  ),
%   
    (  {(3,-2)}  , T1  , $B$  ),
    (  {(3,1)}   , T2  , $ $  ),
%   
    ({(6,-3)},  U1,  $ $      ),
    ({(6,0)} ,  U2,  $B_{DP}$  ),
    ({(6,2)} ,  U3,  $ $      ),
%
    ({(9,-2.5)},   V1,  $ $    ),
    ({(9,-1)}  ,   V2,  $ $    ),
    ({(9,1.5)} ,   V3,  $ $    )
    }
\do
{
%   \node[bblock] (\lb) at \pos {\t};
    \node[bblock] (#2) at #1 {#3};
% for checking if spaces go trimmed
% \typeout{\detokenize{#1--#2--#3++}}%
}

%arrows
%\foreach \f/\t/\b in {
\xintForthree #1 #2 #3 in {
    (S1, T1, 0), 
    (S2, T2, 0),
    (S2, T1, 0),
    (S1, T2, 0),
    (T1, U1, 0),
    (T1, U2, 0),
    (T2, U3, 0),
    (U1, V1, 0),
    (U2, V2, 0),
    (U2, V3, 0),
    (U3, V3, 0)
    }
\do
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (#1) edge[bend right=#3] (#2);
}

%in arrows (no problem with end of line space)
\xintFor #1 in {%
    S1,
    S2
    }
\do
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] ($ (#1) + (-1.5,.4) $) -- (#1);
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] ($ (#1) + (-1.5,-.4) $) -- (#1);
}

%out arrows (no problem with end of line space)
\xintFor #1 in {
    V1,
    V2,
    V3
    }
\do
{
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (#1) -- ($ (#1) + (1.5,.4) $);
    \draw[->, >=stealth', thick] (#1) -- ($ (#1) + (1.5,-.4) $);
}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

生产

可以\xintForthree使用#1#2#3或#1 #2 #3。但没有#1/#2/#3语法可以在某个时候添加...

Answer