简化重复绘图和节点放置

Question

如何应用以下代码，从答案到这个问题（给出第一张图）绘制第二张和第三张图

\documentclass{beamer}
\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[t]
\frametitle{}
\hspace {-1cm}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.7, transform shape,linecolor/.style={ultra thick, green!40!black},dotline/.style={thin, black, loosely dotted},
point/.style={circle, draw, red, fill=red, scale=0.4},
cercle/.style={circle,draw,scale=.5, red,thick, fill=white,inner sep=6pt}
]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmnt}{.6}

%draw the axes of the left graph
\draw [thick,-latex](-.3,0) -- (5,0);
\draw [thick,-latex](0,-.3) -- (0,8);

%draw the graph itself
\foreach \y in {1,...,12}{\draw [linecolor] (0,\incrmnt*\y) node (yhl){} +(0:.15cm) -- +(180:.15cm) node [left] {\y/12};
\draw [dotline] (0,\incrmnt*\y) -- +(0:8*\incrmnt);}
\foreach \x in {1,...,7}{\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*\x,.15) node [ ]{} -- (\incrmnt*\x,-.15) node [below] {\x} ;}

% left graph
\begin{scope}[every node/.style={circle, draw, solid, red, fill=red, scale=0.4}]
\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*1,\incrmnt*1) node{} -- (\incrmnt,.15);
\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*2,\incrmnt*2) node{}-- (\incrmnt*2,.15);
\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*3,\incrmnt*2) node{} -- (\incrmnt*3,.15);
\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*4,\incrmnt*2) node{} -- (\incrmnt*4,.15);
\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*5,\incrmnt*2) node{} -- (\incrmnt*5,.15);
\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*6,\incrmnt*2) node{} -- (\incrmnt*6,.15);
\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*7,\incrmnt*1) node {} -- (\incrmnt*7,.15);
\end{scope}

%do the same with the second right graph, plot the same axis by a simple 8cm translation 
\begin{scope}[xshift=8cm]
\draw [thick,-latex](-2,0)node [below right] {$-\infty$}   -- (6,0);
\draw [thick,-latex](0,-.3)  -- (0,8);
\foreach \y in {1,...,12}{\draw [linecolor] (0,\incrmnt*\y) +(0:.15cm) -- +(180:.15cm) node [left] {\y/12};
\draw [dotline] (0,\incrmnt*\y) -- +(0:10*\incrmnt);}
\foreach \x in {1,...,7}{\draw [linecolor] (\incrmnt*\x,.15) -- (\incrmnt*\x,-.15) node [below] {\x};}

% right graph
\draw [thick, black] (\incrmnt*9,0) node [below] {$\infty$} --+(0,\incrmnt*13);
\foreach \x in {1,...,6}{\draw[ultra thick, blue](\incrmnt*\x,{\incrmnt*(2*\x-1)})node[point]{}--+(\incrmnt,0)node[cercle]{};}
\node[cercle] at(\incrmnt,0){};
\draw[ultra thick, blue](\incrmnt*7,\incrmnt*12)node[point]{}--+(\incrmnt*2,0);
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Answer 1

如果我回答你的问题时就知道旅程会去哪里上一个问题当我写作时我知道什么这个答案，我当时会推荐 pgfplots。但鉴于你似乎不喜欢 pgfplots，我再次为你提供循环。尽管如此，我还是忍不住要求你至少考虑使用 pgfplots。你永远不必用笨拙的单位和比例因子乘以所有内容，也不必处理绘制图表或添加刻度等的循环。（不，遗憾的是我不愿意为了好玩而将以下内容快速翻译成 pgfplots。）

\documentclass{beamer}
\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\tikzset{linecolor/.style={ultra thick, green!40!black},dotline/.style={thin, black, loosely dotted},
point/.style={circle, draw, red, fill=red, scale=0.4},
cercle/.style={circle,draw,scale=.5, red,thick, fill=white,inner sep=6pt}}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[t]
\frametitle{First drawing (unchanged)}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.7, transform shape]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmnt}{.6}

\draw [thick,-latex](-.3,0) -- (5,0);
\draw [thick,-latex](0,-.3)  -- (0,8);
\draw [thick,-latex](6.,0)  -- (14.4,0) coordinate (br);
\draw [thick,-latex](8,-.2) -- (8,8) coordinate(tr);
\foreach \X in {1,...,12}
{
\draw [dotline] (0,\X*7cm/12) -- ++ (14,0);
\draw [linecolor] (-\incrmnt/2,\X*7cm/12)node[left]{\X/12} -- ++ (\incrmnt,0)
(8-\incrmnt/2,\X*7cm/12)node[left]{\X/12}-- ++ (\incrmnt,0);
}
\foreach \X in {1,...,7}
{
\draw[linecolor]  (3*\X/5,-\incrmnt/2) node[below]{\X} -- ++ (0,\incrmnt)
(8+3*\X/5,-\incrmnt/2) node[below]{\X} -- ++ (0,\incrmnt);
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\tst}{abs(\X-4)}
\ifnum\tst=3
\draw[linecolor]  (3*\X/5,0)  -- ++ (0,7/12)
node[fill,red,circle,inner sep=2pt]{};
\else
\draw[linecolor]  (3*\X/5,0)  -- ++ (0,14/12)
node[fill,red,circle,inner sep=2pt]{};
\fi
\ifnum\X=7
\draw[blue,thick]   (8+3*\X/5,{7*(2*\X-2)/12})
node[fill,red,circle,inner sep=2pt]{} -- ++ (2*7cm/12,0) coordinate(xr);
\else
\draw[blue,thick]  (8+3*\X/5,{7*(2*\X-1)/12}) node[fill,red,circle,inner sep=2pt]{}
-- ++ (1*7cm/12,0) node[circle,fill=white,draw=red,inner sep=2pt]{};
\fi
}
\draw (tr-|xr) -- (br-|xr) node[below](ir){$\infty$};
\node at (6.5,0 |-ir) {$-\infty$};
\node[circle,fill=white,draw=red,inner sep=2pt,thick] at (8+3/5,0){};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}[t]
\frametitle{Second drawing: cdf1}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.7, transform shape]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmnt}{.6}

\draw [thick,-latex](-.3,0) -- (5,0);
\draw [thick,-latex](0,-.3)  -- (0,8);
\draw [thick,-latex](6.,0)  -- (14.4,0) coordinate (br);
\draw [thick,-latex](8,-.2) -- (8,8) coordinate(tr);
\foreach \X [evaluate=\X as \Y using {int(3*\X)}]in {2,4,...,12}
{
\draw [dotline] (0,\X*7cm/12) -- ++ (14,0);
\draw [linecolor] (-\incrmnt/2,\X*7cm/12)node[left]{\X/36} -- ++ (\incrmnt,0)
(8-\incrmnt/2,\X*7cm/12)node[left]{\Y/36}-- ++ (\incrmnt,0);
}
\def\hs{{3,5,4,3,2,1}}
\foreach \X in {0,...,5}
{
\draw[linecolor]  ({3*(\X+1)/4},-\incrmnt/2) node[below]{\X} -- ++ (0,\incrmnt)
({8+3*(\X+1)/4},-\incrmnt/2) node[below]{\X} -- ++ (0,\incrmnt);
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\h}{\hs[\X]}
\draw[linecolor]  ({3*(\X+1)/4},0)  -- ++ (0,7*\h/6);
\draw[blue,thick]  ({8+3*(\X+1)/4},{7*(2*\X+2)/12}) node[fill,red,circle,inner sep=2pt]{}
-- ++ (3/4,0) node[circle,fill=white,draw=red,inner sep=2pt] (aux){};
\ifnum\X<5
\draw[cyan,thick] (aux) -- ++ (0,7/6);
\fi
}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\begin{frame}[t]
\frametitle{Third drawing: cdf2}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.7, transform shape]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmnt}{.6}

\draw [thick,-latex](-.3,0) -- (5,0);
\draw [thick,-latex](0,-.3)  -- (0,8);
\draw [thick,-latex](6.,0)  -- (14.4,0) coordinate (br);
\draw [thick,-latex](8,-.2) -- (8,8) coordinate(tr);
\foreach \X in {1,...,8}
{
\draw [dotline] (0,\X*7/8) -- ++ (14,0);
\ifnum\X=8
\draw [linecolor] (-\incrmnt/2,\X*7/8)node[left]{1} -- ++ (\incrmnt,0)
(8-\incrmnt/2,\X*7/8)node[left]{1}-- ++ (\incrmnt,0);
\else
\draw [linecolor] (-\incrmnt/2,\X*7/8)node[left]{\X/8} -- ++ (\incrmnt,0)
(8-\incrmnt/2,\X*7/8)node[left]{\X/8}-- ++ (\incrmnt,0);
\fi
}
\def\hs{{1,3,3,1}}
\def\sumh{0}
\foreach \X in {0,...,3}
{
\draw[linecolor]  
({\X+1},-\incrmnt/2) node[below]{\X} -- ++ (0,\incrmnt)
({8+\X+1},-\incrmnt/2) node[below]{\X} -- ++ (0,\incrmnt);
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\h}{\hs[\X]}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\oldsumh}{\sumh}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\sumh}{\sumh+\h}
\xdef\sumh{\sumh}
\draw[linecolor]  ({\X+1},0)  -- ++ (0,7*\h/8) 
node[fill,red,circle,inner sep=2pt]{};
\draw[cyan,latex-latex]  ({8+\X+1},{7*\oldsumh/8}) 
node[circle,fill=white,draw=red,inner sep=2pt]{} 
-- ({8+\X+1},{7*\sumh/8})node[fill,red,circle,inner sep=2pt] (aux){}
node[midway,right,black]{$P_{(\X)}$};
\ifnum\X=3
\draw[blue,thick] (aux) -- ++ (14/8,0) coordinate (r);
\else
\draw[blue,thick] (aux) -- ++ (7/8,0);
\fi
}
\draw (r |- 14,8) -- (r|-14,0)node[below]{$\infty$};
\node at (6.5,0 |-ir) {$-\infty$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}