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平均能量损失

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平均能量损失

我的标签如下：

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{tikz,amsmath,caption,subcaption}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,patterns}
%\usepackage{fullpage,varwidth}

\tikzset{transform shape}
\usetikzlibrary{knots}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[t]\vspace*{5pt}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]
    % \draw[step=1cm,color=gray!30] (-7,-5) grid (7,5);
    \begin{scope}
    \draw[clip] (-4,0) ellipse (2 and 5);
    \filldraw[thick, pattern color=gray!90, pattern=vertical lines] (-6,0) -- (-2,0) --(-2,5) -- (-6,5)--cycle;
    \filldraw[thick, pattern color=gray!90, pattern=horizontal lines] (-6,0) -- (-2,0) --(-2,-5) -- (-6,-5)--cycle;
    \end{scope}
    \draw[thick] (-4,0) ellipse (2 and 5);
    \draw[thick] (4,0) ellipse (2 and 5);
    \draw[thick] (2,0) -- (6,0);
    \node at (-4,4) {{\Huge \boldmath $C$}};
    \node at (-4,-4) {{\Huge \boldmath $\bar {C \rule{0pt}{18pt}}$}};
    \node at (4,4) {{\Huge \boldmath $D$}};
    \node at (4,-4) {{\Huge \boldmath $\bar {D \rule{0pt}{18pt}}$}};
    \filldraw[pattern color=gray!90, pattern=vertical lines] (3.5,1) to[out=180, in=180] (4,2)
    to[out=0,in=0] (4.5,.7)
    to[out=180, in=45] (4,.4)
    to[out=180,in=0] cycle
    ;
    \draw[dashed] (-3.75,4.97) -- (4,2);
    \draw[dashed] (-2,0) -- (4,.4);
    \filldraw[pattern color=gray!90, pattern=horizontal lines] (4,-1) to[out=0,in=180] (4.5,-1.5)
    to[out=0,in=0] (4.5,-2)
    to[out=180,in=45] (4,-2.5)
    to[out=225,in=180,looseness=1.5] cycle
    ;
    \draw[dashed] (-2,0) -- (4,-1);
    \draw[dashed] (-3.8,-4.97) -- (3.85,-2.6);
    \draw[thick, ->] (-1.5,1.5) -- (1.5,1.5) node[pos=.5,above] {\LARGE $f$};
    \draw[thick, ->] (-1.5,-2) -- (1.5,-2) node[pos=.5,below] {\LARGE $f$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A schematic illustration of a reduction between two classification problems.}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

它运行良好，但垂直和水平线颜色显示为 CMYK 组合，但它应该只显示黑色，参考图像如下：

在此处输入图片描述

如果我检查规则颜色，那么它会显示灰色是 CMYK 值的混合，请参考下图进行说明：

在此处输入图片描述

但它应该只显示黑色值，请建议...

答案1

有一个简单的方法可以解决这个问题，而无需添加对 CMYK/灰色无色图案的支持。

您可以声明天生有色图案定义中包含颜色。这些图案不限于 RGB，因此您可以创建仅出现在黑色分色上的图案。

在下面的 MWE 中，我声明了两个新模式（gray vertical lines和）。其定义与和gray horizontal lines相同，只是包含了一个描边颜色，并且使用而不是来声明它们vertical lineshorizontal lines\pgfdeclarepatterninherentlycolored\pgfdeclarepatternformonly

平均能量损失

\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz,amsmath,caption,subcaption}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,patterns}

\tikzset{transform shape}
\usetikzlibrary{knots}
\usepackage{graphicx}

\pgfdeclarepatterninherentlycolored{gray horizontal lines}{\pgfpointorigin}{\pgfqpoint{100pt}{1pt}}{\pgfqpoint{100pt}{3pt}}%
{
  \pgfsetstrokecolor{gray!90}
  \pgfsetlinewidth{0.4pt}
  \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0pt}{0.5pt}}
  \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{100pt}{0.5pt}}
  \pgfusepath{stroke}
}

\pgfdeclarepatterninherentlycolored{gray vertical lines}{\pgfpointorigin}{\pgfqpoint{1pt}{100pt}}{\pgfqpoint{3pt}{100pt}}%
{
  \pgfsetstrokecolor{gray!90}
  \pgfsetlinewidth{0.4pt}
  \pgfpathmoveto{\pgfqpoint{0.5pt}{0pt}}
  \pgfpathlineto{\pgfqpoint{0.5pt}{100pt}}
  \pgfusepath{stroke}
}

\begin{document}

\begin{figure}[t]\vspace*{5pt}
\centering
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.6]
    % \draw[step=1cm,color=gray!30] (-7,-5) grid (7,5);
    \begin{scope}
    \draw[clip] (-4,0) ellipse (2 and 5);
    \filldraw[thick, pattern=gray vertical lines] (-6,0) -- (-2,0) --(-2,5) -- (-6,5)--cycle;
    \filldraw[thick, pattern=gray horizontal lines] (-6,0) -- (-2,0) --(-2,-5) -- (-6,-5)--cycle;
    \end{scope}
    \draw[thick] (-4,0) ellipse (2 and 5);
    \draw[thick] (4,0) ellipse (2 and 5);
    \draw[thick] (2,0) -- (6,0);
    \node at (-4,4) {{\Huge \boldmath $C$}};
    \node at (-4,-4) {{\Huge \boldmath $\bar {C \rule{0pt}{18pt}}$}};
    \node at (4,4) {{\Huge \boldmath $D$}};
    \node at (4,-4) {{\Huge \boldmath $\bar {D \rule{0pt}{18pt}}$}};
    \filldraw[pattern color=gray!90, pattern=vertical lines] (3.5,1) to[out=180, in=180] (4,2)
    to[out=0,in=0] (4.5,.7)
    to[out=180, in=45] (4,.4)
    to[out=180,in=0] cycle
    ;
    \draw[dashed] (-3.75,4.97) -- (4,2);
    \draw[dashed] (-2,0) -- (4,.4);
    \filldraw[pattern=gray horizontal lines] (4,-1) to[out=0,in=180] (4.5,-1.5)
    to[out=0,in=0] (4.5,-2)
    to[out=180,in=45] (4,-2.5)
    to[out=225,in=180,looseness=1.5] cycle
    ;
    \draw[dashed] (-2,0) -- (4,-1);
    \draw[dashed] (-3.8,-4.97) -- (3.85,-2.6);
    \draw[thick, ->] (-1.5,1.5) -- (1.5,1.5) node[pos=.5,above] {\LARGE $f$};
    \draw[thick, ->] (-1.5,-2) -- (1.5,-2) node[pos=.5,below] {\LARGE $f$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\caption{A schematic illustration of a reduction between two classification problems.}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

答案2

我实际上不知道这是否有效，因为我不知道如何在没有 Acrobat PRO 的情况下检查各个元素的颜色，除了仔细阅读未压缩的 PDF 文件并希望我能正确理解 PDF 规范。

未压缩的 PDF 文件似乎在正确的位置（例如，0 0 0 1对于black，1 0 0 0对于cyan等等）正确地产生了颜色。所以我猜它有点起作用¯\_(ツ)_/¯

无论如何，这都是一个黑客行为，因为 PGF 目前默认只生成 RGB 图案。在目前的形式下，它还可能破坏其他东西。但它可以成为适当解决方案的基础。

\pdfcompresslevel=0 % Only needed to open the PDF as text.
\documentclass[border=5]{standalone}
\usepackage[cmyk]{xcolor}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns}
\makeatletter
% Patch \pgfutil@convertcolorspec to always use cmyk
% This is likely to have have side effects!
\def\pgfutil@convertcolorspec#1#2#3{\convertcolorspec{#1}{#2}{cmyk}}

% \pgf@set@fill@patternuncolored to use an extra argument
\def\pgf@set@fill@patternuncolored#1,#2,#3,#4\relax#5{%
  \pgfsys@setpatternuncolored{\csname pgf@pattern@name@#5\endcsname}{#1}{#2}{#3}{#4}%
}

% Add the DeviceCMYK to the patterns resource.
\pgfutil@addpdfresource@colorspaces{ /pgfpcmyk [/Pattern /DeviceCMYK] }

% Set the uncolored pattern.
\def\pgfsys@setpatternuncolored#1#2#3#4#5{%
  \pgfsysprotocol@literal{/pgfpcmyk cs #2 #3 #4 #5/pgfpat#1\space scn}%
}
\makeatother
\begin{document}
\tikz
  \draw [pattern color=black, pattern=horizontal lines] 
    (0,0) rectangle (1,1);
\end{document}

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