偶极子辐射图

Question

我想在 latex 上实现偶极子半波的辐射图，但我找不到好的程序。请问有解决方案或帮助吗？

我想实现这一点，

还有这样没有箭头的东西

Answer 1

为了便于说明，下面的草图就足够了（从我的一份讲稿中复制而来）：

\documentclass[tikz,margin=3.141592]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{calc, positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
   node distance = 0pt,
     circ/.style = {circle, draw, minimum size=22mm,
                    node contents={}},
every pin/.style = {align=center}
                    ]
  \node (n1) [circ];
  \node (n2) [circ,right=of n1,
              pin=60:Field\\ Strength];
  \draw [dash dot]
        (n1.north -| n1.east) -- (n1.south -| n1.east)
        node[below] {Side view};
  \draw [thick]
        ($(n2.east)+(2, 0.1)$) -| ++ (0.2, 1)
        ($(n2.east)+(2,-0.1)$) -| ++ (0.2,-1)
        node[below] {Short Dipole};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

附录：所提供图像的近似值......

\documentclass[tikz,margin=3.141592]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, bending, calc, positioning}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
   node distance = 0pt,
circ/.style args = {#1/#2}{circle, draw=#1, fill=#1!30, semitransparent,
                    minimum size=#2,
                    node contents={}},
   circ/.default = gray/22mm,
every pin/.style = {pin distance=9mm, align=center},
      arr/.style = {ultra thick, red, -{Triangle[bend]},
                    shorten <=-5mm, shorten >=-5mm}
                    ]
  \foreach \R in {0.25,0.5,...,1}
  \draw[very thin, dashed, gray] (0,0) circle[radius=\R*22mm];
  \foreach \ang in {0,30,...,330}
  \draw[very thin, dashed, gray] (0,0) -- (\ang:2.2)
    node[font=\footnotesize,pos=1.15] {\ang};
%
  \node (n0) [circ=cyan/33mm, 
              pin=75:Field Strength of\\ the isotropic antenna];
  \node (n1) [circ, left];
  \node (n2) [circ,right,
              pin=30:Field Strength\\ of a dipole];
%
  \draw[arr]    (n0.105) to [bend right=45] (n1.120); 
  \draw[arr]    (n0.290) to [bend right=45] (n2.300);
%
  \node (n3) [draw,minimum size=2mm,pin=330:baloon] at (0,5) {};
  \draw[{Bar[]Straight Barb[]}-{Straight Barb[]Bar[]}] 
                ($(n3.north)+(-2.3,0.2)$) -- 
        node[above] {$\lambda/2$}
                ($(n3.north)+(2.3,0.2)$);
  \draw[ultra thick]    
                (n3.west) -- ++ (-2.2,0)
                (n3.east) -- ++ ( 2.2,0);
  \draw[double=gray!20,double distance=1mm, very thin] 
                (n3.south) -- coordinate[pin=165:coax] ++ (0,-2.1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}