节点的全局定义

Question

在下面的代码中，如何为每个节点（包含三角形、正方形和菱形）定义一次，而不是在每个位置重复它们的定义？

\documentclass{beamer}
\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usepackage{tkz-fct}
\usepackage{gensymb}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows, arrows.meta, positioning, calc, intersections, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.markings, shapes, shapes.misc, shapes.symbols, shapes.geometric, patterns, backgrounds, trees, shadows}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.shapes}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[fragile,t]
\frametitle{}
\tikzset{paintt/.style={ draw=#1, fill=#1},decorate with/.style={decorate, decoration={shape backgrounds, shape=#1, shape size=1mm}}}
\tikzset{paints/.style={ draw=#1, fill=#1},decorate with/.style={decorate, decoration={shape backgrounds, shape=#1, shape size=1mm}}}
\tikzset{paintd/.style={ draw=#1, fill=#1},decorate with/.style={decorate, decoration={shape backgrounds, shape=#1, shape size=1mm}}}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.9, transform shape, paint/.style={thin, draw=#1!50!black, fill=#1!50 }]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmnty}{1.}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmntx}{.7}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xlab}{1997}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xn}{14}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yn}{6}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \aff using int(\xlab+(1*\x))]in {0,...,\xn}{\draw [black!20!white] (\incrmntx*\x,0) node [black, xshift=0cm, yshift=-.68cm, rotate=90] {\footnotesize \aff} -- +(90:\incrmnty*\yn);}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \aff using int(\y*100)]in {0,...,\yn}{\draw [black!20!white] (10,\incrmnty*\y) node [black, right] {\aff} --+(180:\incrmntx*\xn+.2);}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [thick](0,0) -- (\incrmntx*\xn,0);
\draw [thick](\incrmntx*\xn,0) -- (\incrmntx*\xn,\incrmnty*\yn);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [blue!30!white, ultra thick](0,\incrmnty*2.6) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}% 97
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.16*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}% 98
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.1*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}%99
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.06*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}%0
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.16*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}%1
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.18*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}%2
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.1*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}%3
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.1*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white, scale=.2]{}%4
;
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [blue!60!black, ultra thick](0,\incrmnty*3.2) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}% 97
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.2*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}% 98
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.1*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}%99
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.06*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}%0
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.18*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}%1
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.18*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}%2
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.08*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}%3
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.13*\incrmnty) node [regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black, scale=.2]{}%4
;
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [blue!80!white, ultra thick](0,\incrmnty*3.6) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}% 97
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.2*\incrmnty) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}% 98
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.1*\incrmnty) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}%99
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.06*\incrmnty) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}%0
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.18*\incrmnty) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}%1
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.18*\incrmnty) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}%2
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.08*\incrmnty) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}%3
 -- ++(\incrmntx*1,.13*\incrmnty) node [diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2]{}%4
;
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Answer 1

这是一个保留了您的（非常好！）符号但将代码缩减为真正变化的规范的提案：每一步中爬升的垂直距离。作为奖励，代码为节点提供了唯一的名称，但这里没有使用这些名称。这通过添加包含步进节点计数器和插入节点的样式的foreach循环来实现。重复样式被定义为等等。set mark3gon

\documentclass{beamer}
\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.shapes,shapes.geometric}
\newcounter{mystep}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[fragile,t]
\frametitle{}
\tikzset{paintt/.style={ draw=#1, fill=#1},decorate with/.style={decorate, decoration={shape backgrounds, shape=#1, shape size=1mm}}}
\tikzset{paints/.style={ draw=#1, fill=#1},decorate with/.style={decorate, decoration={shape backgrounds, shape=#1, shape size=1mm}}}
\tikzset{paintd/.style={ draw=#1, fill=#1},decorate with/.style={decorate, decoration={shape backgrounds, shape=#1, shape size=1mm}}}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=.9, transform shape, paint/.style={thin,
draw=#1!50!black, fill=#1!50 },set mark/.style={%
/utils/exec=\stepcounter{mystep},
insert path={node [#1] (X-\arabic{mystep}){}}},
3gon/.style={regular polygon,regular polygon sides=3, paintt=blue!30!white,scale=.2},
4gon/.style={regular polygon,regular polygon sides=4, paints=blue!60!black,scale=.2},
dia/.style={diamond, paintd=blue!80!white, scale=.2}
]
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmnty}{1.}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\incrmntx}{.7}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xlab}{1997}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\xn}{14}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\yn}{6}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\foreach \x [evaluate=\x as \aff using int(\xlab+(1*\x))]in {0,...,\xn}{\draw [black!20!white] (\incrmntx*\x,0) node [black, xshift=0cm, yshift=-.68cm, rotate=90] {\footnotesize \aff} -- +(90:\incrmnty*\yn);}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\foreach \y [evaluate=\y as \aff using int(\y*100)]in {0,...,\yn}{\draw [black!20!white] (10,\incrmnty*\y) node [black, right] {\aff} --+(180:\incrmntx*\xn+.2);}
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [thick](0,0) -- (\incrmntx*\xn,0);
\draw [thick](\incrmntx*\xn,0) -- (\incrmntx*\xn,\incrmnty*\yn);
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [blue!30!white, ultra thick]
(0,\incrmnty*2.6) [set mark=3gon] % 97
foreach \X in {.16,.1,.06,.16,.18,.1,.1}
{ -- ++(\incrmntx*1,\X*\incrmnty) [set mark=3gon]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [blue!60!black, ultra thick]
(0,\incrmnty*3.2) [set mark=4gon]% 97
foreach \X in {.2,.1,.06,.18,.18,.08,.13}
{ -- ++(\incrmntx*1,\X*\incrmnty) [set mark=4gon]};
\end{scope}
\begin{scope}[xshift=0cm, yshift=0cm]
\draw [blue!80!white, ultra thick](0,\incrmnty*3.6) [set mark=dia]% 97
foreach \X in {.2,.1,.06,.18,.18,.08,.13}
{ -- ++(\incrmntx*1,\X*\incrmnty) [set mark=dia]};
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Answer 2

你pgfplots可以避免你的问题（但你需要离线定义数据）：

\documentclass{beamer}
\beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\frametitle{diagram drawn by \texttt{pgfplots}}
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}
  \begin{axis}[
width = 0.9\linewidth, height=0.7\textheight,
grid,
 ymin = 0, ymax= 600,
ytick = {0,100,...,600},
 xmin = 1997, xmax=2011,
xtick = {1997,1998,...,2011},
xticklabel style = {rotate=90,anchor=east,
                    /pgf/number format/1000 sep={}},
   enlargelimits = false,
every axis plot post/.append style={very thick},
every mark/.append style={drawn=none, minimum size=2pt}
                ]
\addplot +[mark=diamond*]   coordinates {(1997,250) (1998,280) (1999,290)
                                        (2000,300) (2001,310) (2002,330)
                                        (2003,340) (2004,360)};;
\addplot +[mark=triangle*]  coordinates {(1997,350) (1998,380) (1999,390)
                                        (2000,400) (2001,410) (2002,430)
                                        (2003,440) (2004,460)};
\addplot +[mark size=1.6pt,
           mark=square*]    coordinates {(1997,320) (1998,350) (1999,360)
                                        (2000,370) (2001,390) (2002,400)
                                        (2003,410) (2004,430)};
  \end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
    \end{frame}
\end{document}

• 我没有费心定义线条的颜色。如果您不喜欢默认选择，您可以在\addplot选项中定义自己的颜色：\addplot +[<your color>, ...],
• 我根据提供的图像估计坐标。
• 详细信息请参见pgfplots 软件包手册（或者在此网站上提出新问题 ;-) ）

• 您可以定义包含所有三个坐标集的数据的表格，而不是使用坐标。这样代码会变得更短：

  \documentclass{beamer}
  \beamertemplatenavigationsymbolsempty
  \usepackage{verbatim}
  \usepackage{pgfplots}
  \pgfplotsset{compat=1.16}
  
  \begin{document}
  \begin{frame}[fragile]
  \frametitle{diagram drawn by \texttt{pgfplots}}
  \pgfplotstableread{%
          date   y1      y2      y3
          1997   250    350    320
          1998   280    390    350
          1999   290    380    360
          2000   300    400    370
          2001   310    410    390
          2002   330    430    400
          2003   340    440    410
          2004   360    460    430
                      }\mydata
  
  \centering
      \begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{axis}[
  width = 0.9\linewidth, height=0.7\textheight,
  grid,
   ymin = 0, ymax= 600,
  ytick = {0,100,...,600},
   xmin = 1997, xmax=2011,
  xtick = {1997,1998,...,2011},
  xticklabel style = {rotate=90,anchor=east,
                      /pgf/number format/1000 sep={}},
     enlargelimits = false,
  every axis plot post/.append style={very thick},
  every mark/.append style={drawn=none, minimum size=2pt}
                  ]
  \addplot +[mark=diamond*]   table[x=date, y=y1] {\mydata};
  \addplot +[mark=triangle*]  table[x=date, y=y2] {\mydata};
  \addplot +[mark size=1.6pt,
             mark=square*]    table[x=date, y=y3] {\mydata};
    \end{axis}
  \end{tikzpicture}
      \end{frame}
  \end{document}
  

结果和以前一样。