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使用 tabularx 进行表格格式化？

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使用 tabularx 进行表格格式化？

我正在尝试格式化表格以获得图中的表格。但是，结果并不令人满意，您能帮我使用 tabularx 环境吗？在此处输入图片描述

\begin{table}[]
    \centering
    \caption{Value of the force local maximums (F\textsubscript{i} and F\textsubscript{Q}) and magnitude of the associated load drops observed in the load-displacement curves of impacted and indented LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}, LV1\textsubscript{LVI} and LV2\textsubscript{LVI} specimens, $\pm$ refers to the standard deviation between experiments.}
    \label{Table3pD}
    \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{ccccccc}
        \hline
        Material & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Test}                                                                          \\ \cline{2-7} 
        & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 10 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 14 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{QSI} \\ \cline{2-7} 
        & F\textsubscript{i} (kN)              & Load drop (\%)       & F\textsubscript{i} (kN)              & Load drop (\%)         & F\textsubscript{Q} (kN)      & Load drop (\%)   \\ \hline
        LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}    & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.02       & 19.75 $\pm$ 0.55       & 3.41 $\pm$ 0.25       & 22.80 $\pm$ 1.40       & 3.32     & Multiple     \\
        LV1\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.19 $\pm$ 0.04       & 14.64 $\pm$ 2.55       & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.22       & 11.34 $\pm$ 4.46       & 3.10     & Multiple     \\
        LV2\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.51 $\pm$ 0.15       & 8.17 $\pm$ 2.36        & 3.95 $\pm$ 0.51       & 10.80 $\pm$ 1.28       & None     & None         \\ \hline
        %   \end{tabular}
    \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

答案1

以下是三种可能的解决方案：使用tabularx、使用tabular和使用tabular*。由于任何单元格都不需要自动换行，因此使用tabularx似乎有些过头了。您应该在tabular和tabular*解决方案之间进行选择。

我真正推荐你做的（也是下面三个解决方案中实现的）是使用包的线条绘制宏booktabs而不是\hline和\cline。我还将为标题材料提供更多结构，比如将有关测量单位的信息放在它们自己的线上。最后，考虑使用包的\SI和\si宏siunitx来排版科学单位（带数字和不带数字）。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[letterpaper,margin=1in]{geometry} % choose page parameters suitably
\usepackage{tabularx,ragged2e,siunitx,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\Centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage[skip=0.333\baselineskip]{caption} % optional

\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\caption{Table with \texttt{tabularx}} \label{tab:tabularx}

\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} l *{6}{C}@{}}
\toprule
Material & \multicolumn{6}{c@{}}{Test} \\ 
\cmidrule(l){2-7} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at \SI{10}{\joule}} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at \SI{14}{\joule}} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{QSI} \\ 
\cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-5} \cmidrule(l){6-7} 
& $F_i$ & Load drop & $F_i$ & Load drop & $F_Q$ & Load drop \\ 
& (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) & (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) & (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) \\
\midrule
LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}    & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.02       & 19.75 $\pm$ 0.55       & 3.41 $\pm$ 0.25       & 22.80 $\pm$ 1.40       & 3.32     & Multiple     \\
LV1\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.19 $\pm$ 0.04       & 14.64 $\pm$ 2.55       & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.22       & 11.34 $\pm$ 4.46       & 3.10     & Multiple     \\
LV2\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.51 $\pm$ 0.15       & 8.17 $\pm$ 2.36        & 3.95 $\pm$ 0.51       & 10.80 $\pm$ 1.28       & None     & None  \\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}

\bigskip\bigskip

\caption{Table with \texttt{tabular}} \label{tab:tabular}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{@{} l *{6}{c} @{}}
\toprule
Material & \multicolumn{6}{c@{}}{Test} \\ 
\cmidrule(l){2-7} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at \SI{10}{\joule}} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at \SI{14}{\joule}} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{QSI} \\ 
\cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-5} \cmidrule(l){6-7} 
& $F_i$ & Load drop & $F_i$ & Load drop & $F_Q$ & Load drop \\ 
& (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) & (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) & (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) \\
\midrule
LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}    & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.02       & 19.75 $\pm$ 0.55       & 3.41 $\pm$ 0.25       & 22.80 $\pm$ 1.40       & 3.32     & Multiple     \\
LV1\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.19 $\pm$ 0.04       & 14.64 $\pm$ 2.55       & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.22       & 11.34 $\pm$ 4.46       & 3.10     & Multiple     \\
LV2\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.51 $\pm$ 0.15       & 8.17 $\pm$ 2.36        & 3.95 $\pm$ 0.51       & 10.80 $\pm$ 1.28       & None     & None  \\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

\bigskip\bigskip

\caption{Table with \texttt{tabular*}} \label{tab:tabular*}
\setlength\tabcolsep{0pt}
\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{\extracolsep{\fill}} l *{6}{c}}
\toprule
Material & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Test} \\ 
\cmidrule(l){2-7} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at \SI{10}{\joule}} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at \SI{14}{\joule}} 
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{QSI} \\ 
\cmidrule{2-3} \cmidrule{4-5} \cmidrule{6-7} 
& $F_i$ & Load drop & $F_i$ & Load drop & $F_Q$ & Load drop \\ 
& (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) & (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) & (\si{\kilo\newton}) & (\%) \\
\midrule
LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}    & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.02       & 19.75 $\pm$ 0.55       & 3.41 $\pm$ 0.25       & 22.80 $\pm$ 1.40       & 3.32     & Multiple     \\
LV1\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.19 $\pm$ 0.04       & 14.64 $\pm$ 2.55       & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.22       & 11.34 $\pm$ 4.46       & 3.10     & Multiple     \\
LV2\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.51 $\pm$ 0.15       & 8.17 $\pm$ 2.36        & 3.95 $\pm$ 0.51       & 10.80 $\pm$ 1.28       & None     & None  \\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabular*}
\end{table}
\end{document}

答案2

您不需要使用tabularx这种类型的表格。这是您使用booktabs更佳间距和规则的示例，以及caption可让您更好地控制标题的包（在这种情况下，它会自动在标题和表格之间添加一些空间。）

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{caption}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[]
    \centering
    \caption{Value of the force local maximums (F\textsubscript{i} and F\textsubscript{Q}) and magnitude of the associated load drops observed in the load-displacement curves of impacted and indented LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}, LV1\textsubscript{LVI} and LV2\textsubscript{LVI} specimens, $\pm$ refers to the standard deviation between experiments.}
    \label{Table3pD}
    \begin{tabular}{ccccccc}
        \toprule
        Material & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Test}                                                                          \\ \cmidrule{2-7} 
        & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 10 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 14 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{QSI} \\ \cmidrule{2-7} 
        & F\textsubscript{i} (kN)              & Load drop (\%)       & F\textsubscript{i} (kN)              & Load drop (\%)         & F\textsubscript{Q} (kN)      & Load drop (\%)   \\
        \midrule
        LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}    & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.02       & 19.75 $\pm$ 0.55       & 3.41 $\pm$ 0.25       & 22.80 $\pm$ 1.40       & 3.32     & Multiple     \\
        LV1\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.19 $\pm$ 0.04       & 14.64 $\pm$ 2.55       & 3.24 $\pm$ 0.22       & 11.34 $\pm$ 4.46       & 3.10     & Multiple     \\
        LV2\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.51 $\pm$ 0.15       & 8.17 $\pm$ 2.36        & 3.95 $\pm$ 0.51       & 10.80 $\pm$ 1.28       & None     & None         \\ 
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

代码输出

答案3

以下是类似的方法艾伦·芒恩和Mico 的但我也使用了S类型列来siunitx改善数字的对齐（特别是在第三列）。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=1in]{geometry}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{siunitx}
\sisetup{separate-uncertainty}

\begin{document}
\begin{table}[]
    \centering
    \caption{Value of the force local maximums (F\textsubscript{i} and F\textsubscript{Q}) and magnitude of the associated load drops observed in the load-displacement curves of impacted and indented LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}, LV1\textsubscript{LVI} and LV2\textsubscript{LVI} specimens, $\pm$ refers to the standard deviation between experiments.}
    \label{Table3pD}
    \begin{tabular}{c
                    S[table-format=1.2(3)]
                    S[table-format=2.2(3)]
                    S[table-format=1.2(3)]
                    S[table-format=2.2(3)]
                    S[table-format=1.2]
                    c}
        \toprule
        Material & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Test}                                                                          \\ \cmidrule{2-7} 
        & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 10 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 14 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{QSI} \\ \cmidrule(lr){2-3} \cmidrule(lr){4-5} \cmidrule(l){6-7} 
        & {F\textsubscript{i} (\si{\kilo\newton})}             & {Load drop (\%)}       & {F\textsubscript{i} (\si{\kilo\newton})}              & {Load drop (\%)}         & {F\textsubscript{Q} (\si{\kilo\newton})}      & {Load drop (\%)}   \\
        \midrule
        LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}    & 3.24 \pm 0.02       & 19.75 \pm 0.55       & 3.41 \pm 0.25       & 22.80 \pm 1.40       & 3.32     & Multiple     \\
        LV1\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.19 \pm 0.04       & 14.64 \pm 2.55       & 3.24 \pm 0.22       & 11.34 \pm 4.46       & 3.10     & Multiple     \\
        LV2\textsubscript{LVI}      & 3.51 \pm 0.15       & 8.17 \pm 2.36        & 3.95 \pm 0.51       & 10.80 \pm 1.28       & {None}     & None         \\ 
        \bottomrule
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案4

我建议使用以下代码和包geometry (to have more decent margins, if you don't need marginal notes来siunitx对齐数字和booktabs：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[showframe]{geometry} 
\usepackage{tabularx, multirow, caption, booktabs}
\usepackage{siunitx}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[!htb]
    \centering\sisetup{table-number-alignment=center, separate-uncertainty, table-align-uncertainty=false}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{4.5pt}
 \caption{Value of the force local maximums (F\textsubscript{i} and F\textsubscript{Q}) and magnitude of the associated load drops observed in the load-displacement curves of impacted and indented LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI}, LV1\textsubscript{LVI} and LV2\textsubscript{LVI} specimens, $\pm$ refers to the standard deviation between experiments.}
 \label{Table3pD}
    \begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{X*{2}{S[table-format=1.2(1)]S[table-format=2.2(2)]}S[table-format=1.2]c}
        \toprule
 \multirow{5}{=}{Material} & \multicolumn{6}{c}{Test} \\ \cmidrule(lr){2-7}
 & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 10 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{Impact at 14 J} & \multicolumn{2}{c}{QSI} \\ \cmidrule(lr){2-7}
 & {F\textsubscript{i} (kN)} & {Load drop (\%)} &{ F\textsubscript{i} (kN)} & {Load drop (\%)} & {F\textsubscript{Q} (kN)} & Load drop (\%) \\ \midrule
 LTHIN\textsubscript{LVI} & 3.24 (2)& 19.75(55) & 3.41(25) & 22.80(140)
  & 3.32 & Multiple \\ \addlinespace
 LV1\textsubscript{LVI} & 3.19 (4)& 14.64(255) & 3.24(22) & 11.34(446)
   & 3.10 & Multiple \\ \addlinespace
 LV2\textsubscript{LVI} & 3.51 (15) & 8.17(236)& 3.95(51) & 10.80(128)
   & {None} & None \\ \bottomrule
        % \end{tabular}
    \end{tabularx}
\end{table}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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