我有一些 lslistings 代码，我想添加一些文本和数学元素，如下图红色所示
我尝试使用 TiKZ，但出现了很多错误。我附上了一份 MWE，并提前感谢那些能帮助我的人。
\documentclass[xcolor={dvipsnames,svgnames,x11names}]{beamer}
\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts,amsthm}
\usepackage{color,graphicx}
\usepackage{pgf,tikz,pgfplots,pgfkeys}
\usetikzlibrary{%
arrows,
arrows.meta,
cd,
matrix,
decorations.pathreplacing,
positioning,
calc,
fit,
shapes,
shapes.symbols,
shapes.multipart,%rectangle split
shapes.arrows,
backgrounds,
snakes,
shadows.blur,
trees,%for probability trees
shadows,% drop shadows
fadings
}
\pgfplotsset{compat=1.15}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{makecell}
% Choose how your presentation looks.
%
%
\mode<presentation>
{
\usetheme{Madrid} % or try Darmstadt, Madrid, Warsaw, ...
\usecolortheme{beaver} % or try albatross, beaver, crane, ...
\usefonttheme{serif} % or try serif, structurebold, ...
\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{}
\setbeamertemplate{caption}[numbered]
}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8x]{inputenc}
\usepackage{listings}
\lstset
{
language=[LaTeX]TeX,
breaklines=true,
basicstyle=\tt\scriptsize,
%commentstyle=\color{green}
keywordstyle=\color{blue},
%stringstyle=\color{black}
identifierstyle=\color{magenta},
}
%=========================================================================================
\newcommand\mznfont{\fontfamily{pcr}\selectfont}
\lstdefinelanguage{Mzn}
{
morekeywords={
%
array, par, var, opt, constraint, solve, satisfy, minimize,
maximize, output, include, let, in, set, of, if, then, else, endif,
ann, annotation, bool, enum, float, int, string, where, function,
predicate, true, false, not, assert, trace,
% ???:
any, list, op, record, test, tuple, type
%
},
%
keywords=[2]{
%
forall, sliding_sum, symmetry_breaking_constraint,
implied_constraint, redundant_constraint, all_different,
alldifferent, alldifferent_except_0, alldiff, element, circuit,
subcircuit, card, bool2int, inter, count, regular, table, xor,
exists, xorall, iffall, clause, intersect, diff, symdiff, subset,
superset, concat, join, length, int_lt_reif, int_lin_eq_reif,
bool_imply, array_bool_or, all_different_int, int_ne, at_least,
at_most, exactly, count_eq, count_leq, count_geq, count_gt, nvalue,
bin_packing, bin_packing_capa, bin_packing_load, diffn,
global_cardinality, global_cardinality_closed,
global_cardinality_low_up, global_cardinality_low_up_closed,
inverse, cumulative, disjunctive, decreasing, increasing, sort,
arg_sort, value_precede, value_precede_chain, lex_less, lex_lesseq,
lex_greater, lex_greatereq, lex2, int_lin_eq, bool_lin_eq, knapsack,
partition_set, member, reverse,
% from ???:
abort, abs, acosh, array_intersect, array_union, array1d, array2d,
array3d, array4d, array5d, array6d, asin, atan, bool2int, card,
ceil, concat, cos, cosh, dom, dom_array, dom_size, fix, exp, floor,
index_set, index_set_1of2, index_set_2of2, index_set_1of3,
index_set_2of3, index_set_3of3, index_set_6of6, int2float, is_fixed,
join, lb, lb_array, length, ln, log, log2, log10, min, max, pow,
product, round, set2array, show, show_int, show_float, sin, sinh,
sqrt, sum, tan, tanh, trace, ub, ub_array, xor, in, subset,
superset, union, diff, symdiff, intersect, div, mod,
% annotations:
is_defined_var, output_var, var_is_introduced, defines_var,
promise_total, bounds, domain, bool_search, int_search, seq_search,
set_search, input_order, first_fail, anti_first_fail, smallest,
largest, occurrence, most_constrained, max_regret, indomain_min,
indomain_max, indomain_middle, indomain_median, indomain,
indomain_random, indomain_split, indomain_reverse_split,
indomain_interval, outdomain_max, outdomain_median, outdomain_min,
outdomain_random, complete
%
},
sensitive=true,
basicstyle=\mznfont,
commentstyle=\color[rgb]{0.9,0.1,0.1},
keywordstyle=\color[rgb]{0,0.5,0},
keywordstyle=[2]\color{blue},
stringstyle=\color{orange},
tabsize=2,
frame=none,
% identifierstyle = \it,
numbers=left,
stepnumber=1,
numberstyle=\tiny,
numbersep=5pt,
xleftmargin=0pt, % numbers will be in the margins!
columns=fixed, % same width for all characters
% columns=flexible,
% columns=fullflexible,
morecomment=[l]{\%},
morestring=[b]",
% morestring=[d]',
showstringspaces=false,
mathescape=true,
breaklines=true,
% prebreak=\raisebox{0ex}[0ex][0ex]{\ensuremath{\space\red{\swarrow}}},%\hookrightarrow
%postbreak=\raisebox{0ex}[0ex][0ex]{\ensuremath{\hookrightarrow\space}},%\hookrightarrow
breakatwhitespace=true,
breakindent=10pt, % was: 20pt
moredelim=**[is][\color{Melon}]{@}{@},
escapeinside={{<@}{@>}}
}
%% Write "\begin{frame}[fragile]" for a slide using either of the
%% following two listing environments, which have unnumbered
%% respectively numbered lines:
\lstnewenvironment{mzn}[1][]{\lstset{language=Mzn,#1}}{}
\lstnewenvironment{mznno}[1][]{\lstset{language=Mzn,numbers=none,xleftmargin=0pt,#1}}{}
%% Inline a code snippet, without respectively with the comprehension bar (|):
\newcommand{\mzninline}[1]{\lstinline[{language=Mzn}]|#1|}
\newcommand{\mzninlinebar}[1]{\lstinline[{language=Mzn}]!#1!}
%==========================================================================================
\title[2019}
\author{2019}
\institute{2019}
\date{2019}
\AtBeginSection[]
{
\begin{frame}<beamer>
\frametitle{Outline}
\tableofcontents[currentsection,currentsubsection]
\end{frame}
}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\titlepage
\end{frame}
% Uncomment these lines for an automatically generated outline.
\begin{frame}{Outline}
\tableofcontents
\end{frame}
\begin{frame}{Slide}
\input{slide}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
幻灯片文本：
\begingroup
\tiny
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single,basicstyle=\tiny, language=Mzn]
lorem(lorem in $ \alpha $..lorem where
(lorem != lorem /\
(lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha $] == lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha $]) /\
(lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha $] == $ \alpha $ \/
lorem[p, lorem, $ \alpha $] == lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha $])))
(
\end{lstlisting}
\endgroup
答案1
您可以定义一个转义字符，escapechar以便您可以在列表代码中定义 tikz 代码。此外，为了防止 tikz 图形破坏您的列表代码，请激活该overlay选项。
remember picture如果您希望能够引用幻灯片中其他地方的代码，您还可以利用它。
\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage{tikz}
\tikzset{font=\small}
\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[fragile]
\begin{lstlisting}[frame=single,basicstyle=\tiny,escapechar = ~~] % I chose ~~ as escape character
lorem(lorem in $ \alpha $..lorem where
(lorem != lorem /\
(lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha $] == lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha $]) /\ ~~\tikz[overlay]{\draw[thick,red,->] (0,0.5ex) -- ++(0.5,0) node[right] {Lorem}}~~
(lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha $] == $ \alpha $ \/
lorem[p, lorem ~~\tikz[remember picture]{\coordinate (P1) at (-2em,-1ex)}~~, $ \alpha $]
== lorem[x, lorem, $ \alpha~~\tikz[overlay]{\draw[thick,red,->] (-1em,-1ex) |- ++(1,-1) node[right] {Lorem}}~~ $])))
(
\end{lstlisting}
\vspace{2cm}
\begin{itemize}
\item<1> Look here! \tikz[overlay,remember picture]{\draw[thick,red,->] (-1.5em,1.5ex) -- (P1)}
\end{itemize}
\end{frame}
\end{document}
