带有直行和箭头、带下标的 LaTeX TikZ 图形

Question

我是 LaTeX 编程新手，正在学习如何制作我的第一个 TikZ 图形。我的新目标是制作一个像此图中一样带有曲线的图形。是否有专门用于制作此类 TikZ 图形的软件包？

   \begin{tikzpicture}

  \node[main node] (1) {a};
  \node[main node] (2) [right of=1] {b};
  \node[main node] (3) [right of=2] {c};
  \node[main node] (4) [right of=3] {d};

  \path[every node/.style={font=\sffamily\small}]
    (1) edge node [right] {} (2)
    (2) edge node [right] {} (3)
    \draw[->, line width= 1] (3) -- (4);
    (4) edge[bend right] node [left] {} (1);
\end{tikzpicture}

Answer 1

您可以根据需要改变角度。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth]
\def\a{1.5}
\path
(0,0) node (V) {$V$}
++(0:\a) node (A1) {$A_{(1)}$}
++(0:\a) node (M1) {$M_{(1)}$}
++(0:\a) node (L1) {$L_{(1)}$}
++(0:\a) node (A2) {$A_{(2)}$}
++(0:\a) node (M2) {$M_{(2)}$}
++(0:\a) node (L2) {$L_{(2)}$}
++(0:\a) node (dots) {$\cdots$}
++(0:\a) node (Y) {$Y$};

\draw[->] (V)--(A1);
\draw[->] (A1)--(M1);
\draw[->] (M1)--(L1);
\draw[->] (L1)--(A2);
\draw[->] (A2)--(M2);
\draw[->] (M2)--(L2);
\draw[->] (L2)--(dots);
\draw[->] (dots)--(Y);

\foreach \i in {M1,L1,A2,M2,L2}
\draw[->] (V) to[out=20,in=160] (\i);

\foreach \i in {L1,A2,M2,L2}
\draw[->] (A1) to[out=-20,in=-160] (\i);

\foreach \i in {A2,M2,L2}
\draw[->] (M1) to[out=-60,in=-120] (\i);

\foreach \i in {M2,L2}
\draw[->] (L1) to[out=60,in=120] (\i);

\draw[->] (A2) to[out=-80,in=-110] (L2);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}