如何绘制带标签的二分图？

Question

我想要绘制如下的二分图：

我尝试了以下代码：

\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{80,80,160}
\definecolor{mygreen}{RGB}{80,160,80}

\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,
  every node/.style={draw,circle},
  fsnode/.style={fill=myblue},
  ssnode/.style={fill=mygreen},
  every fit/.style={rounded corners,rectangle,draw,inner sep=-2pt,text width=2cm, dashed},
  ->,shorten >= 3pt,shorten <= 3pt
]

% the vertices of U
\begin{scope}[start chain=going below,node distance=7mm]
\foreach \i in {1,2}
  \node[fsnode,on chain] (f\i)  {$v_{\i}$};
\end{scope}

% the vertices of V
\begin{scope}[xshift=4cm,yshift=0.6cm,start chain=going below,node distance=7mm]
\foreach \i in {6,7,8,9}
  \node[ssnode,on chain] (s\i)  {$v_{\i}$};
\end{scope}

% the set U
\node [myblue,fit=(f1) (f2),label=above:$G^{P}$] {};
% the set V
\node [mygreen,fit=(s6) (s9),label=above:$G^{Q}$] {};

% the edges
\draw (f1) -- (s6);
\draw (f1) -- (s7);
\draw (f2) -- (s6);
\draw (f2) -- (s7);
\end{tikzpicture}

它给出的结果不一样。此外，我该如何为这个二分图添加权重？我还需要在箭头右侧添加另一个图。如何聚合所有内容？

Answer 1

chains这里有一个建议。您可能fit希望使用库来代替matrix。这允许您定义一种样式，您只需指定列数即可。这样做的好处是更容易垂直居中方案。连接可以绘制为边。

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,positioning,quotes}
\begin{document}
\definecolor{myblue}{RGB}{80,80,160}
\definecolor{mygreen}{RGB}{80,160,80}

\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,amat/.style={matrix of nodes,nodes in empty cells,
  row sep=1em,draw,dashed,rounded corners,
  nodes={draw,solid,circle,execute at begin node={$\nu_{\the\pgfmatrixcurrentrow}$}}},
  fsnode/.style={fill=myblue},
  ssnode/.style={fill=mygreen}]

 \matrix[amat,nodes=fsnode,label=above:$G^{P}$] (mat1) {\\
 \\};

 \matrix[amat,right=2cm of mat1,nodes=ssnode,label=above:$G^{Q}$] (mat2) {\\
 \\ 
 \\};

 \draw  (mat1-1-1) edge["$A$"] (mat2-1-1)
  (mat1-1-1) edge["$B$"] (mat2-2-1);

 \draw[line width=0.5em,stealth-stealth] ([xshift=1cm]mat2.east) -- ++ (1.5,0);

 \matrix[amat,right=3.5cm of mat2,nodes=fsnode,label=above:$G^{P}$] (mat3) {\\
 \\};

 \matrix[amat,right=2cm of mat3,nodes=ssnode,label=above:$G^{Q}$] (mat4) {\\
 \\ 
 \\};

 \draw  (mat3-1-1) edge["$A$"] (mat4-2-1)
  (mat3-1-1) edge["$B$"] (mat4-3-1);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}