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垂直对齐表格多列单元格中的文本

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垂直对齐表格多列单元格中的文本

我正在尝试重新创建第 4 页的最后一张表格这个文件，它看起来应该是这样的：

在此处输入图片描述

以下是我目前所掌握的信息：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{multirow}

\begin{document}

\setlength{\extrarowheight}{20pt}
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| c }{Xenomai tasks} & \multicolumn{2}{ | c |}{Linux threads/processes} \\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| c }{Xenomai services} & \multicolumn{2}{ | c |}{Linux services} \\
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{Real-time device driver} & Xenomai kernel & OS kernel & \multirow{2}{*}{Device driver}  \\
\cline{2-3}
& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)} & \\
\hline
\multicolumn{4}{| c |}{Adeos interrupt pipeline} \\
\hline
Specific hardware processes & \multicolumn{2}{ c |}{CPU + motherboard} & Specific hardware processes  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\end{document}

目前，只有multirow单元格在中间垂直和水平对齐。但是对于multicolumns第一个包含文本的单元格，Xenomai tasks我无法使文本垂直居中。

我尝试了其他帖子中提供的不同解决方案，但无法使其发挥作用。

例如，我尝试了以下操作：

\begin{tabular}{|m{10em}|c|c|m{10em}|}

是否有一种简单的方法可以使所有单元格中的文本对齐到中间？

答案1

您的表格单元格未垂直居中，因为\extrarowheight似乎已添加到行的顶部。为了弥补这一点，您可以改用\\[...pt]ot\\或使用cellspace包：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{multirow}

\usepackage{cellspace}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{10pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{10pt}


\begin{document}

\begin{center}
\setlength\extrarowheight{5pt}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| c }{Xenomai tasks} & \multicolumn{2}{ | c |}{Linux threads/processes} \\[5pt]
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| c }{Xenomai services} & \multicolumn{2}{ | c |}{Linux services} \\[5pt]
\hline
\multirow{3}{*}{Real-time device driver} & Xenomai kernel & OS kernel & \multirow{3}{*}{Device driver}  \\[5pt]
\cline{2-3}
& \multicolumn{2}{c|}{Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)} & \\[5pt]
\hline
\multicolumn{4}{| c |}{Adeos interrupt pipeline} \\[5pt]
\hline
Specific hardware processes & \multicolumn{2}{ c |}{CPU + motherboard} & Specific hardware processes  \\[5pt]
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\bigskip

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{|Sc|Sc|Sc|Sc|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| Sc }{Xenomai tasks} & \multicolumn{2}{ | Sc |}{Linux threads/processes} \\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{| Sc }{Xenomai services} & \multicolumn{2}{ | Sc |}{Linux services} \\
\hline
\multirow{3.5}{*}{Real-time device driver} & Xenomai kernel & OS kernel & \multirow{3.5}{*}{Device driver}  \\
\cline{2-3}
& \multicolumn{2}{Sc|}{Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)} & \\
\hline
\multicolumn{4}{| Sc |}{Adeos interrupt pipeline} \\
\hline
Specific hardware processes & \multicolumn{2}{ Sc |}{CPU + motherboard} & Specific hardware processes  \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

\end{document}

请记住，您的表格对于标准article文档的文本宽度来说太宽了。为了改变这种情况，您可能需要在单元格中引入换行符。

答案2

由于您可以完全控制每个单元格calstable，因此包卡路里非常适合这种类型的表格。要将文本垂直居中在单元格中，只需\vfil在单元格内发出命令即可。

以下是所讨论表格的 MWE：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{cals, caption, xcolor}

\let\nc=\nullcell                    % CALS Shortcuts
\let\sc=\spancontent
\begin{document}

\small
\begin{calstable}[c]  % Left aligned CALS tabular

% Calculate the column width
\colwidths{{\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/88*13\relax}
            {\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/88*2\relax}
            {\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/88*18\relax}
            {\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/88*18\relax}
            {\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/88*2\relax} 
            {\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/88*13\relax}
            {\dimexpr(\columnwidth)/88*14\relax}
    }

% The tabular fills the text area if sum of all columns is 88

% Set up the tabular
\makeatletter
\def\cals@framers@width{0.4pt}   % Outside frame rules
\def\cals@framecs@width{0,4pt}
\def\cals@bodyrs@width{0.4pt}  % Rule between header and tabular body
\def\cals@cs@width{0.4pt}             % Inside vertical rules
\def\cals@rs@width{0.4pt}              % Inside horizontal rules
\def\cals@bgcolor{}

\def\bb{\ifx\cals@borderB\relax     % Bottom border switch (off-on)
    \def\cals@borderB{0pt}
\else \let\cals@borderB\relax\fi}

\def\tb{\ifx\cals@borderT\relax     % Top border switch (off-on)
    \def\cals@borderT{0pt}
\else \let\cals@borderT\relax\fi}

\def\lb{\ifx\cals@borderL\relax     % Left border switch (off-on)
    \def\cals@borderL{0pt}
\else \let\cals@borderL\relax\fi}

\def\rb{\ifx\cals@borderR\relax     % Right border switch (off-on)
    \def\cals@borderR{0pt}
\else \let\cals@borderR\relax\fi}

\def\green{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{green!80}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}

\def\lgreen{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{green!15}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}

\def\dgreen{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{green!80!black}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}


\def\red{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{red!80}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}

\def\orange{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{orange!80}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}

\def\lorange{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{orange!30}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}

\def\yellow{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{yellow!80}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}

\def\plum{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{blue!30!red!30}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}

\def\violet{\ifx\cals@bgcolor\empty     % "Switch" to turn on and off colour
    \def\cals@bgcolor{violet!80}
\else \def\cals@bgcolor{} \fi}


% R1H1
\brow
    \green\nc{ltb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil Xenomai tasks}
    \lb\nc{ltb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil Linux threads/processes}\lb\green
    \tb\rb\alignL\cell{\vfil user mode}\tb\rb
\erow
%R3B2
\brow
    \red\nc{ltb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil Xenomai services}\red
    \orange\nc{ltb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil Linux services}\orange
    \tb\rb\alignL\cell{\vfil kernel mode}\tb\rb
\erow
%R4B3
\brow
    \lgreen\nc{lrt}
    \lb\cell{}\lb\lgreen
    \yellow\alignC\cell{\vfil Xenomai kernel}
    \alignC\cell{\vfil OS kernel}\yellow
    \lgreen\rb\cell{}\rb
    \nc{lrt}\lgreen
    \tb\rb\nc{lrt}\tb\rb
\erow
%R5B4
\brow
    \lgreen\nc{lrb}\alignL\sc{\vfil real-time\\devic\\driver}\lgreen
    \lorange\nc{ltb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)}\lorange
    \lgreen\nc{lrb}\alignR\sc{\vfil device driver}\lgreen
    \tb\rb\alignL\nc{lrb}\sc{\vfil software}\tb\rb
\erow
%R6B5
\brow
    \dgreen\nc{ltb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{tb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil Adeos (interrupt pipeline)}\dgreen
    \tb\rb\alignL\cell{}\tb\rb
\erow
%R7B6
\brow
    \plum\nc{ltb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil specific hardware processes}\plum
    \violet\nc{ltb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil CPU + motherboard}\violet
    \plum\nc{ltb}
    \nc{rtb}\alignC\sc{\vfil specific hardware processes}\plum
    \bb\tb\rb\alignL\cell{\vfil hardware}\tb\rb\bb
\erow
\makeatletter
\end{calstable}\par
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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