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反馈图

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反馈图

我想创建类似以下的反馈图在此处输入图片描述

我成功得到以下信息：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc,positioning}

%%%<
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{5pt}%
%%%>
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}
\tikzset{
        block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
            minimum height=1cm,
            minimum width=2cm},
        input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
        output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=4cm},
        arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
        pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
        sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
    }
    \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=1cm,>=latex']
            \node [input, name=input] {};
            \node [block, below=of input] (nn) {Neural Network};
            \node [block, below=of nn] (error) {Cost of the error};
            \node [input, right=of error, name=out] {};
            \node [block, below=of error] (opt) {Optimiser};
            \draw [draw,->] (input) -- node {Input} (nn);
            \draw [draw,->] (out) -- node[xshift=1.75cm, yshift=0.3cm] {Actual output} (error) ;
            \draw [->] (nn) -- node {Calculated output} (error);
            \draw [->] (error) -- (opt);
    \end{tikzpicture}    
\end{document}

结果是：

在此处输入图片描述

但如您所见，左侧部分仍然缺失，我无法以这种方式创建带有文本的箭头。我该怎么做？

答案1

看来你刚接触 TikZ。我建议用简单的方式绘制。简单的图形应该用简单的方式绘制。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{block/.style={
        text=white,
        fill=red!70!black,
        minimum height=1cm,
        minimum width=3cm}}
\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,red!70!black]
\path
(0,0)       node[block] (N) {Neural Network}
++(-90:2.5) node[block] (C) {Cost of the error}
+(-90:2)    node[block] (O) {Optimizer};

\draw[<-] (N.north)--+(90:.5) node[above,black] {Input};
\draw[->] (N)--(C) node[midway,right,black] {Calculated output};
\draw[<-] (C.east)--+(0:.5) node[right,black] {Actual output};
\draw[->] (C)--(O);
\draw[<-] (N)--++(180:3) coordinate (A)--++(-90:5.5) coordinate (B)-|(O);
\path (A)--(B) node[midway,left,align=left,black] {New weights\\and constants};
\end{tikzpicture}    
\end{document}

更新 1。您可以通过将箭头>=stealth作为 tikzpicture 的一个选项来更改箭头。Zarko 的答案中的箭头看起来最好看 ^^

\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,red!70!black,>={Straight Barb[angle=60:3pt 2]}]

在此处输入图片描述

更新 2。如果记不住库中的选项arrows.meta，那么用户定义的箭头也很方便。在这里我设计了一个名为模因，颜色为青色，使用pic。我认为该选项[sloped, pos]非常适合此目的。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\tikzset{
block/.style={text=white,
    fill=brown,
    minimum height=1cm,
    minimum width=3cm},
meme/.pic={% my favourite arrow
    \draw[teal] (150:6pt)--(0,0)--(-150:6pt);}
}
\begin{tikzpicture}[thick,brown]
\path
(0,0)       node[block] (N) {Neural Network}
++(-90:2.5) node[block] (C) {Cost of the error}
+(-90:2)    node[block] (O) {Optimizer};

\draw ([yshift=.5mm]N.north)--+(90:.5) pic[pos=0,sloped,xscale=-1]{meme}
node[above,black] {Input};
\draw (N)--(C) pic[pos=1,sloped]{meme} 
node[midway,right,black]{Calculated output};
\draw ([xshift=.5mm]C.east)--+(0:.5) pic[pos=0,sloped,xscale=-1]{meme}
node[right,black]{Actual output};
\draw (C)--(O) pic[pos=1,sloped]{meme};
\draw (N)--++(180:3) coordinate (A) pic[pos=0,sloped]{meme}
--++(-90:5.5) coordinate (B)-|(O);
\path (A)--(B) node[midway,left,align=left,black] {New weights\\and constants};
\end{tikzpicture}    
\end{document}

答案2

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,positioning}

%%%<
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{5pt}%
%%%>
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}
\tikzset{
        block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
            minimum height=1cm,
            minimum width=2cm},
        input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
        output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=4cm},
        line/.style={draw, -latex'}}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=1cm,>=latex']
            \node [input, name=input] {};
            \node [block, below=of input] (nn) {Neural Network};
            \node [block, below=of nn] (error) {Cost of the error};
            \node [input, right=of error, name=out] {};
            \node [block, below=of error] (opt) {Optimiser};
            \begin{scope}[line]
            \draw (input) -- node {Input} (nn);
            \draw (out) -- node[xshift=1.75cm, yshift=0.3cm] {Actual output} (error) ;
            \draw (nn) -- node {Calculated output} (error);
            \draw (error) -- (opt);
            \draw (opt.south) |- ++ (-6em,-1em) |- (nn)
            node[pos=0.25,left,align=left]{New weights\\ and constants};
            \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}    
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

我尽可能少地更改了您的代码，如下所示：

1）为了获得与示例中相同的颜色，我使用了 Stefan Trost 的免费移液器工具：使用 xcolor 包我定义了相同的颜色：

\usepackage{xcolor}
 \definecolor{myred}{RGB}{149, 55, 53}

2）块的最小宽度为3 cm

block/.style = {draw, rectangle,fill=myred,text=white,
            minimum height=1cm,
            minimum width=3cm}

3）要绘制指向块的箭头(error)，我首先node在块的右侧放置一个，然后使用edge语法绘制一个箭头

\node[right=of error]{Actual output}edge[->](error);

4）对于绕行的箭头，我放置了一个辅助node (aux)

 % auxiliary node (aux)
            \node [coordinate,below left=4mm and 10 mm of opt](aux){};

并使用语法|-和-|来绘制方形线。我将文本放在position 0.25

\draw [->](opt)|-(aux)|-node[pos=.25,align=left]{New weigths \\and constant}(nn);

截屏

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc,positioning}

%%%<
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{5pt}%
%%%>
\usepackage{xcolor}
\definecolor{myred}{RGB}{149, 55, 53}
\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}
\tikzset{
        block/.style = {draw, rectangle,fill=red,text=white,
            minimum height=1cm,
            minimum width=3cm},
        input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
        output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=4cm},
        arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
        pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
        sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
    }
    \tikzstyle{line} = [draw, -latex']
    \begin{tikzpicture}[auto, node distance=1cm,>=latex']
            \node [input, name=input] {};
            \node [block, below=of input] (nn) {Neural Network};
            \node [block, below=of nn] (error) {Cost of the error};
            \node[right=of error]{Actual output}edge[->](error);
            %\node [ right=of error, name=out] {};
            \node [block, below=of error] (opt) {Optimiser};
            % auxiliary node (aux)
            \node [coordinate,below left=4mm and 10 mm of opt](aux){};
            \draw [draw,->] (input) -- node {Input} (nn);
            %\draw [draw,->] (out) -- node[xshift=1.75cm, yshift=0.3cm] {Actual output} (error) ;
            \draw [->] (nn) -- node {Calculated output} (error);
            \draw [->] (error) -- (opt);
            \draw [->](opt)|-(aux)|-node[pos=.25,align=left]{New weigths \\and constant}(nn);
    \end{tikzpicture}    
\end{document}

答案4

再举一个例子：

\documentclass{article}
%\usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                calc, chains,
                positioning,
                quotes}

\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{5pt}%

\begin{document}
\tikzset{
node distance = 8mm and 4mm,
 start chain = going below,
block/.style = {fill=orange!70!black, text=white,
                minimum height=8mm, minimum width=32mm,
                on chain},
arrow/.style = {draw=orange!70!black, -{Straight Barb[angle=60:3pt 2]}, thick},
every pin edge/.style = {arrow}
    }

\begin{tikzpicture}
    \node (in)                      {Input};
    \node [block, below=of in] (nn) {Neural Network};
    \node [block,
           pin=right:Actual output
           ] (error)                {Cost of the error};
    \node [block] (opt) {Optimiser};
\coordinate[below=4mm of opt] (out);
%
\draw[arrow]    (in)    edge    (nn)
                (nn)    edge["Calculated output"]  (error)
                (error) edge    (opt)
                (opt.south) -- (out) -|
                ([xshift=-5mm] nn.west) node[pos=0.75,left,align=left] {New Weights\\ and constants}
                        -- (nn);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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