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Tikz：箭头的定位

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Tikz：箭头的定位

我遇到了一个问题，无法正确定位右侧的两个箭头。我希望它们位于“中间”。

移动通信系统

代码：

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
\begin{document}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Motor};
    \coordinate[above left = of System.west] (a1);
    \coordinate[below = 7mm of a1] (a2);
    \coordinate[below = 7mm of a2] (a3);
    \coordinate[below = 6.5mm of a3] (a4);
    \coordinate[above right= of System.east] (b1);
    \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {2,...,5}
        \coordinate[below=of b\xi] (b\i);
    \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$u_\mathrm{a}$,$i_\mathrm{a}$,$u_\mathrm{f}$,$i_\mathrm{f}$}
    \draw[-latex'] (a\xi) node[left] {\i} -- (a\xi-| System.west);
    \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$n$,$M$}
        \draw[-latex'] (System.east |- b\xi) -- (b\xi) node[right] {\i};
    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{GSM als Motor}
    \label{fig:gsmmotor}
\end{minipage}
\qquad
\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Generator};
        \coordinate[above left = of System.west] (a1);
        \coordinate[below = 7mm of a1] (a2);
        \coordinate[below = 7mm of a2] (a3);
        \coordinate[below = 6.5mm of a3] (a4);
        \coordinate[above right= of System.east] (b1);
        \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {2,...,5}
            \coordinate[below=of b\xi] (b\i);
        \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$n$,$M$,$u_\mathrm{f}$,$i_\mathrm{f}$}
        \draw[-latex'] (a\xi) node[left] {\i} -- (a\xi-| System.west);
        \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$u_a$,$i_a$}
            \draw[-latex'] (System.east |- b\xi) -- (b\xi) node[right] {\i};
        \end{tikzpicture}
        \caption{GSM als Generator}
        \label{fig:gsmgenerator}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

我怎样才能使箭头居中？

谢谢！

答案1

基于我的答案：

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
                positioning}

\begin{document}
    \begin{figure}[htbp]
    \centering
\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 3mm and 12mm
                        ]
\node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Motor};
%
\coordinate[above  left = of System.west, label=left:$u_a$]   (a2);
\coordinate[above   = 6mm of a2, label=left:$i_a$]            (a1);
\coordinate[below  left = of System.west, label=left:$u_f$] (a3);
\coordinate[below   = 6mm of a3, label=left:$u_f$]          (a4);
%
\coordinate[above right = of System.east, label=right:$n$] (b1);
\coordinate[below right = of System.east, label=right:$M$] (b2);
%
\foreach \i in {1,...,4}{\draw[-Latex]   (a\i) -- (a\i -| System.west);}
\foreach \i in {1,2}{\draw[-Latex]   (b\i -| System.east) -- (b\i);}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{GSM als Motor}
\label{fig:mimo}
\end{minipage}
\hfil
\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
\centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
node distance = 3mm and 12mm
                        ]
\node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Generator};
%
\coordinate[above  left = of System.west, label=left:$n$]   (a2);
\coordinate[above   = 6mm of a2, label=left:$M$]            (a1);
\coordinate[below  left = of System.west, label=left:$u_3$] (a3);
\coordinate[below   = 6mm of a3, label=left:$u_2$]          (a4);
%
\coordinate[above right = of System.east, label=right:$u_a$] (b1);
\coordinate[below right = of System.east, label=right:$i_a$] (b2);
%
\foreach \i in {1,...,4}{\draw[-Latex]   (a\i) -- (a\i -| System.west);}
\foreach \i in {1,2}{\draw[-Latex]   (b\i -| System.east) -- (b\i);}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\caption{GSM als Generator}
\label{fig:mimo}
\end{minipage}
    \end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

您不需要任何库，也不需要复杂的命令。pos=<fraction>您可以在各个边的某个派系位置添加坐标，然后添加箭头和节点。这一切都很简单，只需说

\path (System.south west) -- (System.north west)  
    foreach \X/\Z  in {0.05/i_f,0.35/u_f,0.65/M,0.95/n}
    {coordinate[pos=\X](aux)  (aux) edge[latex-] ++ (-1,0) 
    node[left=1cm]{$\Z$}};

梅威瑟：

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Motor};
    \path (System.south west) -- (System.north west)  
    foreach \X/\Z  in {0.05/i_f,0.35/u_f,0.65/M,0.95/n}
    {coordinate[pos=\X](aux)  (aux) edge[latex-] ++ (-1,0) 
    node[left=1cm]{$\Z$}};
    \path (System.south east) -- (System.north east)  
    foreach \X/\Z in {0.3/u_a,0.7/i_a}
    {coordinate[pos=\X] (aux) (aux) edge[-latex] ++ (1,0) node[right=1cm]{$\Z$}};
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \caption{GSM als Motor.}
 \label{fig:gsmmotor}
\end{minipage}
\qquad
\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Motor};
    \path (System.south west) -- (System.north west)  
    foreach \X/\Z  in {0.05/i_f,0.35/u_f,0.65/M,0.95/n}
    {coordinate[pos=\X](aux)  (aux) edge[latex-] ++ (-1,0) 
    node[left=1cm]{$\Z$}};
    \path (System.south east) -- (System.north east)  
    foreach \X/\Z in {0.3/u_a,0.7/i_a}
    {coordinate[pos=\X] (aux) (aux) edge[-latex] ++ (1,0) node[right=1cm]{$\Z$}};
  \end{tikzpicture}
  \caption{GSM als Generator.}
  \label{fig:gsmgenerator}
\end{minipage}
\end{figure}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案3

  1. 将两个箭头放在中间，我认为你想要（希望我没有弄错）这两个箭头指向第三和三分之二的侧面。为此，我使用calc库，它允许我精确地定位这些第三方：

    \coordinate (u) at ($(System.north east)!.3333!(System.south east)$);
\coordinate (i) at ($(System.north east)!.6666!(System.south east)$);

截屏

  1. 要水平放置arrow，我首先将文本放置在right每个第三系统节点，然后使用以下edge语法绘制箭头：

          \node[right =of u]{$n$}edge[<-](u);  
      \node[right =of i]{$M$}edge[<-](i);

  2. 我擅自将两个图形与 TikZ 并排放置。为此，我将它们分别放置在一个scope环境中，并使用 移动第二个图形xshift=7cm。我为每个范围环境都指定了一个名称：local bounding box=motor和local bounding box=generator，这样我就可以非常轻松地将文本放置在下方。

    \begin{scope}[local bounding box=motor]
% code for figure 1
% ...
\end{scope}
\node [anchor=north,text width=6cm]at (motor.south) {\captionof{figure}{GSM als Motor}}; % caption text
    


    \begin{scope}[xshift=7cm,local bounding box=generator]
% code for figure 2
% ....
\end{scope}
 \node [anchor=north,text width=6cm]at (generator.south) {\captionof{figure}{GSM als Generator}}; % caption text

  3. 为了避免手动对图片进行编号，如下划线所示托比约恩T在我的第一个解决方案中，我使用了capt-of允许对非浮动物体进行编号的包。

  4. 因此，我评论了所有不再使用的代码行（没有删除它们）。

使用 www.DeepL.com/Translator 翻译

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz,capt-of}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings,positioning,arrows,calc}
\begin{document}


%\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
%\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
\begin{tikzpicture}
    \begin{scope}[local bounding box=motor]
    \node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Motor};
    \coordinate[above left = of System.west] (a1);
    \coordinate[below = 7mm of a1] (a2);
    \coordinate[below = 7mm of a2] (a3);
    \coordinate[below = 6.5mm of a3] (a4);
    \coordinate[above right= of System.east] (b1);
    \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {2,...,5}
        \coordinate[below=of b\xi] (b\i);
    \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$u_\mathrm{a}$,$i_\mathrm{a}$,$u_\mathrm{f}$,$i_\mathrm{f}$}
        \draw[-latex'] (a\xi) node[left] {\i} -- (a\xi-| System.west);
%   \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$n$,$M$}
%        \draw[-latex'] (System.east |- b\xi) -- (b\xi) node[right] {\i};   

    \coordinate (u) at ($(System.north east)!.3333!(System.south east)$);
    \coordinate (i) at ($(System.north east)!.6666!(System.south east)$);
    \node[right =of u]{$n$}edge[<-](u);  
    \node[right =of i]{$M$}edge[<-](i);    
    \end{scope}
    %\node[anchor=north,yshift=-5mm] at (motor.south){Figure\,1: GSM als Motor};
   \node [anchor=north,text width=6cm]at (motor.south) {\captionof{figure}{GSM als Motor}};
%    \end{tikzpicture}
%    \caption{GSM als Motor}
%    \label{fig:gsmmotor}
%\end{minipage}
%\qquad
%\begin{minipage}[b]{.4\linewidth}
%    \begin{tikzpicture}

\begin{scope}[xshift=7cm,local bounding box=generator]
    \node (System) [draw,minimum size=24mm] {Generator};
    \coordinate[above left = of System.west] (a1);
    \coordinate[below = 7mm of a1] (a2);
    \coordinate[below = 7mm of a2] (a3);
    \coordinate[below = 6.5mm of a3] (a4);
    \coordinate[above right= of System.east] (b1);
    \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {2,...,5}
            \coordinate[below=of b\xi] (b\i);
    \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$n$,$M$,$u_\mathrm{f}$,$i_\mathrm{f}$}
        \draw[-latex'] (a\xi) node[left] {\i} -- (a\xi-| System.west);
%   \foreach \i [count=\xi from 1] in {$u_a$,$i_a$}
%       \draw[-latex'] (System.east |- b\xi) -- (b\xi) node[right] {\i};

    \coordinate (u) at ($(System.north east)!.3333!(System.south east)$);
    \coordinate (i) at ($(System.north east)!.6666!(System.south east)$);
    \node[right =of u]{$u_a$}edge[<-](u);  
    \node[right =of i]{$i_a$}edge[<-](i);
 \end{scope}
%\node[anchor=north,yshift=-5mm] at (generator.south){Figure\,2: GSM als Generator};
\node [anchor=north,text width=6cm]at (generator.south) {\captionof{figure}{GSM als Generator}};
\end{tikzpicture}
%        \caption{GSM als Generator}
        \label{fig:gsmgenerator}
%\end{minipage}
%\end{figure}
\end{document}

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