固定标签位置

Question

我需要将 dAB 和 d12 按照此屏幕截图中显示的方式放置。我尝试自己做，但每当我移动 dAB 或 d12 时，箭头都会随之移动。我还想增加箭头尖端的大小，就像屏幕截图中显示的那样。实际的 MWE 看起来比屏幕截图中的 MWE 更大。我怎样才能使它看起来大小相同？矩阵中每个元素之间的距离更短，箭头看起来更粗。

我提供的 MWE 由薛定谔的猫

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{contour}
\contourlength{1pt}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily]
 \def\mylength{4em}
 \matrix[matrix of nodes,column sep=3em,row sep=\mylength,inner sep=0.5*\mylength,
 cells={nodes={inner sep=2pt}}](mat){
    & A & B \\
  1 & $r_{1A}$ & $r_{1B}$\\
  2 & $r_{2A}$ & $r_{2B}$\\};
  \foreach \X in {1,2}{
  \path (mat-\X-3.south) -- (mat-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax-3.north) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxH-\X)
    (mat-2-\X.east) -- (mat-2-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax.west) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxV-\X);
  \draw (mat.west|-auxH-\X) -- (mat.east|-auxH-\X);
  \draw (mat.north-|auxV-\X) -- (mat.south-|auxV-\X);}
  \draw (mat.south west) -- (mat.south east);
  \draw[stealth-stealth] (mat-2-2.north east) --  (mat-2-3.north west)
   node[midway,above,scale=0.7] (dAB)    {\contour{white}{$d_{AB}$}};
  \draw[-stealth] (mat-3-2.south east) -- (mat-3-3.south   west);
  \draw[-stealth] (mat-2-3) -- (mat-3-3) coordinate[pos=1/3](aux);
  \draw[-stealth,densely dotted] (dAB.south) to[out=0,in=80] ++ (1em,-1em)
  to[out=-100,in=90]
  ([xshift=3pt]dAB.south|-mat-3-3);
  \draw[stealth-stealth] (mat-2-2.south east) -- (mat-3-2.east)
    node[pos=0.5,right,scale=0.7] (d12) {\contour{white}{$d_{12}$}};
  \draw[-stealth,densely dotted] (d12.north) to[out=10,in=170] ++ (2em,1em)
  to[out=-10,in=180]   (aux);
  \node[above] at (auxV-2|-mat.north){Movies};
  \node[left] at (auxH-2-|mat.west){Users};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 1

midway正如 @cfr 所说，您可以使用或将东西放在中间pos=0.5。 箭头的粗细可以用 控制arrows.meta。 我还添加了第二个版本，其中箭头实际上在节点之间运行而没有移位。

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{contour}
\contourlength{1pt}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows.meta,bending}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily]
 \def\mylength{4em}
 \matrix[matrix of nodes,column sep=3em,row sep=\mylength,inner sep=0.5*\mylength,
 cells={nodes={inner sep=2pt}}](mat){
    & A & B \\
  1 & $r_{1A}$ & $r_{1B}$\\
  2 & $r_{2A}$ & $r_{2B}$\\};
  \foreach \X in {1,2}{
  \path (mat-\X-3.south) -- (mat-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax-3.north) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxH-\X)
    (mat-2-\X.east) -- (mat-2-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax.west) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxV-\X);
  \draw (mat.west|-auxH-\X) -- (mat.east|-auxH-\X);
  \draw (mat.north-|auxV-\X) -- (mat.south-|auxV-\X);}
  \draw (mat.south west) -- (mat.south east);
  \begin{scope}[thick,>={Stealth[width=6pt,bend]}]
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2.north east) --  (mat-2-3.north west)
    node[midway,above,scale=0.7] (dAB)    {\contour{white}{$d_{AB}$}};
   \draw[->] (mat-3-2.south east) -- (mat-3-3.south   west);
   \draw[->] (mat-2-3) -- (mat-3-3) coordinate[pos=1/3](aux);
   \draw[->,densely dotted] (dAB.south) to[out=0,in=80] ++ (1em,-1em)
    to[out=-100,in=90]
    ([xshift=3pt]dAB.south|-mat-3-3);
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2.south east) -- (mat-3-2.east)
     node[pos=0.5,right,scale=0.5] (d12) {\contour{white}{$d_{12}$}};
   \draw[->,densely dotted] (d12.north) to[out=10,in=170] ++ (2em,1em)
    to[out=-10,in=180]   (aux);
  \end{scope} 
  \node[above] at (auxV-2|-mat.north){Movies};
  \node[left] at (auxH-2-|mat.west){Users};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily]
 \def\mylength{4em}
 \matrix[matrix of nodes,column sep=3em,row sep=\mylength,inner sep=0.5*\mylength,
 cells={nodes={inner sep=2pt}}](mat){
    & A & B \\
  1 & $r_{1A}$ & $r_{1B}$\\
  2 & $r_{2A}$ & $r_{2B}$\\};
  \foreach \X in {1,2}{
  \path (mat-\X-3.south) -- (mat-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax-3.north) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxH-\X)
    (mat-2-\X.east) -- (mat-2-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax.west) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxV-\X);
  \draw (mat.west|-auxH-\X) -- (mat.east|-auxH-\X);
  \draw (mat.north-|auxV-\X) -- (mat.south-|auxV-\X);}
  \draw (mat.south west) -- (mat.south east);
  \begin{scope}[thick,>={Stealth[width=6pt,bend]}]
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2) --  (mat-2-3)
    node[midway,above,scale=0.7] (dAB)    {\contour{white}{$d_{AB}$}};
   \draw[->] (mat-3-2) -- (mat-3-3);
   \draw[->] (mat-2-3) -- (mat-3-3) coordinate[pos=1/3](aux);
   \draw[->,densely dotted] (dAB.south) to[out=0,in=80] ++ (1em,-1em)
    to[out=-100,in=90]
    ([xshift=3pt]dAB.south|-mat-3-3);
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2) -- (mat-3-2)
     node[pos=0.5,right,scale=0.5] (d12) {\contour{white}{$d_{12}$}};
   \draw[->,densely dotted] (d12.north) to[out=10,in=170] ++ (2em,1em)
    to[out=-10,in=180]   (aux);
  \end{scope} 
  \node[above] at (auxV-2|-mat.north){Movies};
  \node[left] at (auxH-2-|mat.west){Users};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

这里还有两条建议：

\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{contour}
\contourlength{1pt}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,arrows.meta,bending}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily]
 \def\mylength{4em}
 \matrix[matrix of nodes,column sep=3em,row sep=\mylength,inner sep=0.5*\mylength,
 cells={nodes={inner sep=2pt}}](mat){
    & A & & B \\
  1 & $r_{1A}$ & & $r_{1B}$\\
  2 & $r_{2A}$ & & $r_{2B}$\\};
  \foreach \X/\Y in {1/2,2/4}{ 
  \path (mat-\X-4.south) -- (mat-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax-4.north) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxH-\X)
  (mat-2-\X.east) -- (mat-2-\Y.west) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxV-\X);
  \draw (mat.west|-auxH-\X) -- (mat.east|-auxH-\X);
  \draw (mat.north-|auxV-\X) -- (mat.south-|auxV-\X);}
  \draw (mat.south west) -- (mat.south east);
  \begin{scope}[thick,>={Stealth[width=6pt,bend]}]
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2.north east) --  (mat-2-4.north west)
    node[pos=0.7,above] (dAB)    {\contour{white}{$d_{AB}$}};
   \draw[->] (mat-3-2.south east) -- (mat-3-4.south   west);
   \draw[->] (mat-2-4) -- (mat-3-4) coordinate[pos=1/3](aux);
   \draw[->,densely dotted] (dAB.south) to[out=0,in=80] ++ (1em,-1em)
    to[out=-100,in=90]
    ([xshift=3pt]dAB.south|-mat-3-4);
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2.south east) -- (mat-3-2.east)
     node[pos=0.7,right] (d12) {\contour{white}{$d_{12}$}};
   \draw[->,densely dotted] ([yshift=-1ex]mat-2-2.south east) to[out=10,in=170] ++ (2em,1em)
    to[out=-10,in=180]   (aux);
  \end{scope} 
  \node[above] at (auxV-2|-mat.north){Movies};
  \node[left] at (auxH-2-|mat.west){Users};
\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}[font=\sffamily]
 \def\mylength{4em}
 \matrix[matrix of nodes,column sep=3em,row sep=\mylength,inner sep=0.5*\mylength,
 cells={nodes={inner sep=2pt}}](mat){
    & A & & B \\
  1 & $r_{1A}$ & & $r_{1B}$\\
  2 & $r_{2A}$ &  & $r_{2B}$\\};
  \foreach \X/\Y in {1/2,2/4}{ 
  \path (mat-\X-4.south) -- (mat-\the\numexpr\X+1\relax-4.north) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxH-\X)
  (mat-2-\X.east) -- (mat-2-\Y.west) 
    coordinate[midway] (auxV-\X);
  \draw (mat.west|-auxH-\X) -- (mat.east|-auxH-\X);
  \draw (mat.north-|auxV-\X) -- (mat.south-|auxV-\X);}
  \draw (mat.south west) -- (mat.south east);
  \begin{scope}[thick,>={Stealth[width=6pt,bend]}]
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2) --  (mat-2-4)
    node[pos=0.7,above] (dAB)    {\contour{white}{$d_{AB}$}};
   \draw[->] (mat-3-2) -- (mat-3-4);
   \draw[->] (mat-2-4) -- (mat-3-4) coordinate[pos=1/3](aux);
   \draw[->,densely dotted] (dAB.south) to[out=0,in=80] ++ (1em,-1em)
    to[out=-100,in=90]
    ([xshift=3pt]dAB.south|-mat-3-4);
   \draw[<->] (mat-2-2) -- (mat-3-2)
     node[pos=0.7,right] (d12) {\contour{white}{$d_{12}$}};
   \draw[->,densely dotted] ([yshift=-2ex]mat-2-2.south east) to[out=10,in=170] ++ (2em,1em)
    to[out=-10,in=180]   (aux);
  \end{scope} 
  \node[above] at (auxV-2|-mat.north){Movies};
  \node[left] at (auxH-2-|mat.west){Users};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 2

您可以使用将边缘标签定位在边缘上pos=<fraction of edge length>（如@cfr 在其评论中所述）。只需对您的 MWE 进行少许修改（例如使用quaotes边缘标签包，可能猜测错误，矩阵中节点之间的线应该在哪里等），MWE 就可以：

\documentclass[tikz, margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, 
                calc, matrix,
                quotes}
\usepackage{contour}
\contourlength{1pt}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[
   > = Stealth,
font = \sffamily,
every edge quotes/.style = {font=\sffamily\scriptsize,inner sep=1pt, auto}
                        ]
 \def\mylength{4em}

\matrix (m)    [matrix of nodes,
                nodes in empty cells,
                column sep=\mylength,
                row sep=\mylength,
                inner sep=0.5*\mylength,
                cells={nodes={minimum size=1.2em, anchor=center, inner sep=1pt}},
                ]
{
    & A         & B         \\
 1  & $r_{1A}$  & $r_{1B}$  \\
 2  & $r_{2A}$  & $r_{2B}$  \\
};
\foreach \i in {1,2} 
{
\path   (m-\i-3.south) -- (m-\the\numexpr\i+1\relax-3.north)
        coordinate[midway] (H-\i)
        (m-2-\i.east) -- (m-2-\the\numexpr\i+1\relax.west)
        coordinate[midway] (V-\i);
\draw[shorten >=-1ex]   (m.north -| V-\i) -- (m.south -| V-\i);
\draw                   (m.west  |- H-\i) -- (m.east  |- H-\i);
}
\draw   (m.south west)  -- (m.south east);
%
\node[above] at (V-2|-m.north)  {Movies};
\node[left]  at (H-2-|m.west)   {Users};
%
\draw[<->]  (m-2-2.north east) 
    to[pos=0.7,"$d_\mathit{AB}$"{name=dAB}] 
            (m-2-3.north west);
\draw[<->]  (m-2-2.south east)
    to[pos=0.2, "$d_{12}$"{name=d12}]   
            (m-3-2.north east);
%
\draw[->] (m-3-2.east) -- (m-3-3.west);
\draw[->] (m-2-3.south) -- (m-3-3.north) coordinate[pos=0.3] (aux);
%
\draw[->,densely dotted]    
            (dAB.south) 
    .. controls +(2em,-0.5em) and +(0,2em) ..
            ($(m-3-2.east)!0.6!(m-3-3.west)$);
\draw[->,densely dotted] 
            (d12.north east) 
    .. controls +(2em,1em) and +(-1em,1em) ..
            (aux);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}