我需要在作品的附录中插入一个大表格。我正在使用此网站生成的代码（https://www.latex-tables.com/)：
\begin{sidewaystable}
\centering
\arrayrulecolor{black}
\resizebox{\linewidth}{!}{%
\begin{tabular}{!{\color[rgb]{0.749,0.749,0.749}\vrule}l!{\color{black}\vrule}l!{\color[rgb]{0.749,0.749,0.749}\vrule}l!{\color[rgb]{0.749,0.749,0.749}\vrule}l!{\color[rgb]{0.749,0.749,0.749}\vrule}l!{\color[rgb]{0.749,0.749,0.749}\vrule}l!{\color[rgb]{0.749,0.749,0.749}\vrule}}
\hline
\multicolumn{6}{!{\color[rgb]{0.749,0.749,0.749}\vrule}l!{\color{black}\vrule}}{Pre-Fornero period (2012)} \\
\hline
\rowcolor[rgb]{0.949,0.949,0.949} ~ & Indennità di disoccupazione ordinaria (IDO) & Indennità di disoccupazione a requisiti ridotti (IDRR) & Indennità di disoccupazione agricola (IDA) & Indennità di disoccupazione edile (IDE) & Indennità di mobilità ordinaria (IMO) \\
\hline
Firms~ and sectors & All firms, all sectors & All firms, all sectors & All firms, agricoltural sector & All firms, construction sector et similia & Firms with more than 15 employees, industrial sector (but not the construction sector), commercial sector (firm with more than 50 employees), other minor sectors \\
\hline
\rowcolor[rgb]{0.949,0.949,0.949} Workers & Unemployed, formerly dependent workers & Dependent workers & Dependent workers & Unemployed, formerly dependent workers & Unemployed workers fired in a collective firing, formerly open end dependent workers; alternatively, workers benefiting from CIGS (after its expiration) \\
\hline
Insurance requirement & 2 years & 2 years & 2 years & / & / \\
\hline
\rowcolor[rgb]{0.949,0.949,0.949} Contribution requirement & 52 weeks in the previous 2 years & 78 days in the previous 12 months & 102 days in the previous 12 months & 10 months or 43 weeks~ & 12 months of seniority in the firm \\
\hline
Duration & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}- Age \textless{} 50: 8 months\\~- Age \textgreater{} 50: 12 months\end{tabular} & Settled in a single payment & = number of days of contribution & 90 days & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}- Age \textless{} 40: 12 months\\~- Age 40-50: 24 months\\~- Age \textgreater{} 50: 36 months\end{tabular} \\
\hline
\rowcolor[rgb]{0.949,0.949,0.949} Replacement rate & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}>{\cellcolor[rgb]{0.949,0.949,0.949}}l@{}}- First 6 months: 60\%\\~- Second 6 months: 50\%\\~- After: 40\%\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}>{\cellcolor[rgb]{0.949,0.949,0.949}}l@{}}- First 4 months: 35\%\\~- Following 2 months: 40\%\end{tabular} & 40\% & 80\% & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}>{\cellcolor[rgb]{0.949,0.949,0.949}}l@{}}- First 12 months: 80\%\\~- After: 64\%\end{tabular} \\
\hline
Other comments & No access for apprentices and other para-subordinated (a part from experimentatios) & No proof of unemployment required & An IDA requisiti ridotti and an IDA speciale existed too. & Workers fired because of: cessation of business, end of a construction, reduction of personnel, serious company crisis. Also dimission for just cause. An IDE speciale existed too.~ & Duration increased by 12 months in southern regions. An IMO lunga, anticipate and in deroga existed. \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\arrayrulecolor{black}
\end{sidewaystable}
我遇到了非自动换行的常见问题。我知道我需要的命令是，\tabularx但我不明白如何让 tabularx 在网站生成的代码中工作。
答案1
我想我们都同意 latex-tables.com 上的工具产生的结果是不可读的：
至少，这幅图非常生动地说明了为什么使用\resizebox{\linewidth}{...}“包装器”方法往往无法产生可接受的结果。
那么，如果我们的目标是避免输出结果小到难以辨认，该怎么办呢？以下是一些建议：
- 使用
tabularx环境并允许所有 6 列自动换行 - 通过省略所有垂直线和大部分水平线来简化和精简表格的“外观”。
- 在窄列中使用右对齐排版。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[margin=2.5cm]{geometry} % set page parameters suitably
\usepackage{rotating,tabularx,ragged2e,booktabs,caption}
\newcolumntype{L}[2]{>{\RaggedRight\arraybackslash%
\hsize=#1\hsize\linewidth=\hsize}X}
\newcolumntype{P}[2]{>{\RaggedRight}p{#1}}
\newlength\mylen
\settowidth{\mylen}{Insurance requirement} % measure desired width of first column
\begin{document}
\begin{sidewaystable}
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}
\caption*{Pre-Fornero period (2012)}
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{}
P{\mylen}
*{2}{L{1}}
L{0.9}
*{2}{L{1.05}} % sum of rel. column widths = # of columns of type 'L'
@{}}
\toprule
& Indennità di disoccupazione ordinaria (IDO)
& Indennità di disoccupazione a requisiti ridotti (IDRR)
& Indennità di disoccupazione agricola (IDA)
& Indennità di disoccupazione edile (IDE)
& Indennità di mobilità ordinaria (IMO) \\
\midrule
Firms and sectors
& All firms, all sector
& All firms, all sectors
& All firms, agricultural sector
& All firms, construction sector and similar
& Firms with more than 15 employees, industrial sector
(but not the construction sector), commercial sector
(firm with more than 50 employees), other minor sectors \\
\addlinespace
Workers
& Unemployed, formerly dependent workers
& Dependent workers
& Dependent workers
& Unemployed, formerly dependent workers
& Unemployed workers fired in a collective firing,
formerly open end dependent workers; alternatively,
workers benefiting from CIGS (after its expiration) \\
\addlinespace
Insurance requirement
& 2 years & 2 years & 2 years & -- & -- \\
\addlinespace
Contribution requirement
& 52 weeks in the previous 2 years
& 78 days in the previous 12 months
& 102 days in the previous 12 months
& 10 months or 43 weeks
& 12 months of seniority in the firm \\
\addlinespace
Duration
& \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}
- Age<50: 8 months\\
- Age>50: 12 months
\end{tabular}
& Settled in a single payment
& = number of days of contribution
& 90 days
& \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}l@{}}
- Age<40: 12 months\\
- Age 40--50: 24 months\\
- Age>50: 36 months
\end{tabular} \\
\addlinespace
Replacement rate
& \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}>{}l@{}}
- First 6 months: 60\%\\
- Second 6 months: 50\%\\
- After: 40\%
\end{tabular}
& \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}>{}l@{}}
- First 4 months: 35\%\\
- Foll.\ 2 months: 40\%
\end{tabular}
& 40\% & 80\%
& \begin{tabular}[t]{@{}>{}l@{}}
- First 12 months: 80\%\\
- After: 64\%
\end{tabular} \\
\addlinespace
Other comments
& No access for apprentices and other para-subordinated
(a part from experimentatios)
& No proof of unemployment required
& An IDA requisiti ridotti and an IDA speciale existed too.
& Workers fired because of: cessation of business, end of a
construction, reduction of personnel, serious company crisis.
Also dismissal for just cause. An IDE speciale existed too.
& Duration increased by 12 months in southern regions. An
IMO lunga, anticipate and in deroga existed. \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\end{sidewaystable}
\end{document}
答案2
我建议另一种布局，也基于 tabularx，带有一些颜色，并用自定义itemize环境替换嵌套的表格：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{lscape}
\usepackage{rotating, graphicx, adjustbox}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage[table, svgnames]{xcolor}
\definecolor{vcolor}{rgb}{0.749,0.749,0.749}
\definecolor{rcolor}{rgb}{0.949,0.949,0.949}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{setspace}
\begin{document}
\begin{sidewaystable}
\setlist[itemize]{wide=0pt, label=--, leftmargin=*, nosep, before=\leavevmode\vspace*{-\baselineskip}, after = \vspace*{-2.5ex}}%
\renewcommand{\tabularxcolumn}[1]{>{\small\RaggedRight}p{#1}}
\setstretch{0.9}
\centering\setlength{\tabcolsep}{3pt}\setlength{\extrarowheight}{2pt}%
\rowcolors{4}{}{rcolor}
\begin{tabularx}{\textheight}%
{|*{3}{p{32mm}!{\color{vcolor}\vrule}}X !{\color{vcolor}\vrule}X|}
%\hline
\multicolumn{5}{c}{Pre-Fornero period (2012)} \\
\hline
\rowcolor{Silver!40!Lavender}\multicolumn{5}{|c|}{Indennità di disoccupazione} \\[-1pt]
\rowcolor{Silver!40!Lavender}ordinaria (IDO) & a requisiti ridotti (IDRR) & agricola (IDA) & edile (IDE) & Indennità di mobilità ordinaria (IMO) \\
\hline
\multicolumn{5}{|l|}{Firms and sectors} \\
Firms and sectors\newline All firms, all sectors & All firms, all sectors & All firms, agricoltural sector & All firms, construction sector et similia & Firms with more than 15 employees, industrial sector (but not the construction sector), commercial sector (firm with more than 50 employees), other minor sectors \\
\multicolumn{5}{|l}{Workers} \\
Unemployed, formerly dependent workers & Dependent workers & Dependent workers & Unemployed, formerly dependent workers & Unemployed workers fired in a collective firing, formerly open end dependent workers; alternatively, workers benefiting from CIGS (after its expiration) \\
\multicolumn{5}{|l|}{Insurance requirement} \\ 2 years & 2 years & 2 years & / & / \\
\multicolumn{5}{|l|}{ Contribution requirement} \\
52 weeks in the previous 2 years & 78 days in the previous 12 months & 102 days in the previous 12 months & 10 months or 43 weeks~ & 12 months of seniority in the firm \\
\multicolumn{5}{|l|}{Duration} \\
\begin{itemize}\item Age ${} < 50 : 8$ months \item Age \textgreater{} 50: 12 months\end{itemize} & Settled in a single payment & = number of days of contribution & 90 days & \begin{itemize}\item Age $ < 40: $ 12 months \item Age $40\mbox{--}50:$ 24 months \item Age $ > 50: $ 36 months\end{itemize} \\
\multicolumn{5}{|l|}{Replacement rate} \\
\begin{itemize}\item First 6 months: 60\,\% \item Second 6 months: 50\,\% \item After: \,\% \end{itemize} & \begin{itemize}\item First 4 months: 35\,\% \item Following 2 months: 40\,\%\end{itemize} & 40\% & 80\% & \begin{itemize}\item First 12 months: 80\,\% \item After: 64\,\%\end{itemize} \\
\multicolumn{5}{|l|}{Other comments}\\
No access for apprentices and other para-subordinated (a part from experimentatios) & No proof of unemployment required & An IDA requisiti ridotti and an IDA speciale existed too. & Workers fired because of: cessation of business, end of a construction, reduction of personnel, serious company crisis. Also dimission for just cause. An IDE speciale existed too.~ & Duration increased by 12 months in southern regions. An IMO lunga, anticipate and in deroga existed. \\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\end{sidewaystable}
\end{document}
答案3
根据@Mico 和@Bernard 答案的组合，使用threeparttable：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[vmargin=30mm]{geometry}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{adjustbox}
\usepackage{ragged2e}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{booktabs, tabularx, threeparttable}
\newcolumntype{L}{>{\small\linespread{0.84}\selectfont%
\RaggedRight\hspace{0pt}}X}
\usepackage[table, svgnames]{xcolor}
\definecolor{vcolor}{rgb}{0.749,0.749,0.749}
\definecolor{rcolor}{rgb}{0.949,0.949,0.949}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\begin{document}
\begin{sidewaystable}
\setlist[itemize]{nosep,
leftmargin=*,
before=\vspace*{-\baselineskip},
after =\vspace*{-\baselineskip}
}%
\centering
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{3pt}
\setlength{\extrarowheight}{2pt}%
\begin{threeparttable}
Pre-Fornero period (2012)
\rowcolors{2}{}{rcolor}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{@{} >{\hsize=0.8\hsize%
\columncolor{white}[0pt][\tabcolsep]}L
*{4}{L}
>{\hsize=1.2\hsize%
\columncolor{white}[\tabcolsep][0pt]}L
@{}}
\midrule[\heavyrulewidth]
& IDO\tnote{1} & IDRR\tnote{2} & IDA\tnote{3} & IDE\tnote{4} & IMO\tnote{5} \\
\specialrule{\lightrulewidth}{\aboverulesep}{0pt}
Firms and sectors
& All firms, all sector
& All firms, all sectors
& All firms, agricultural sector
& All firms, construction sector and similar
& Firms with more than 15 employees, industrial sector
(but not the construction sector), commercial sector
(firm with more than 50 employees), other minor sectors \\
Firms and sectors
& All firms, all sector
& All firms, all sectors
& All firms, agricultural sector
& All firms, construction sector and similar
& Firms with more than 15 employees, industrial sector
(but not the construction sector), commercial sector
(firm with more than 50 employees), other minor sectors \\
% \addlinespace
Insurance requirement
& 2 years & 2 years & 2 years & -- & -- \\
Contribution requirement
& 52 weeks in the previous 2 years
& 78 days in the previous 12 months
& 102 days in the previous 12 months
& 10 months or 43 weeks
& 12 months of seniority in the firm \\
Duration
& \begin{itemize}
\item Age<50: 8 months
\item Age>50: 12 months
\end{itemize}
& Settled in a single payment
& = number of days of contribution
& 90 days
& \begin{itemize}
\item Age <40: 12 months
\item Age 40--50: 24 months
\item Age >50: 36 months
\end{itemize} \\
Replacement rate
& \begin{itemize}
\item First 6 months: 60\,\%
\item Second 6 months: 50\,\%
\item After: 40\%
\end{itemize}
& \begin{itemize}
\item First 4 months: 35\,\%
\item Foll.\ 2 months: 40\,\%
\end{itemize}
& 40\% & 80\%
& \begin{itemize}
\item First 12 months: 80\,\%
\item After: 64\,\%
\end{itemize} \\
Other comments
& No access for apprentices and other para-subordinated
(a part from experimentations)
& No proof of unemployment required
& An IDA requisiti ridotti and an IDA speciale existed too.
& Workers fired because of: cessation of business, end of a
construction, reduction of personnel, serious company crisis.
Also dismissal for just cause. An IDE speciale existed too.
& Duration increased by 12 months in southern regions. An
IMO lunga, anticipate and in deroga existed. \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}
\begin{tablenotes}[para, flushleft]\footnotesize
\item IDO: Indennità di disoccupazione ordinaria
\item IDRR: Indennità di disoccupazione a requisiti ridotti
\item IDA: Indennità di disoccupazione agricola
\item IDE: Indennità di disoccupazione edile
\item IMO: Indennità di mobilità ordinaria
\end{tablenotes}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{sidewaystable}
\end{document}
