我正在一台 Linux Mint 16 计算机上工作，从最近开始，每次我想通过安装某些东西时apt-get install，日志消息都会显示软件包无法通过身份验证。我继续尝试在没有身份验证的情况下安装它们，结果发现大多数软件包都找不到。
在该过程结束时，控制台消息建议我使用apt-get update或--fix-missing。这就是我所做的：sudo apt-get update在我再次尝试安装后立即sudo apt-get install nginx，但我仍然收到相同的消息错误。
问题是什么？我错过了什么吗？
注意：我会复制/粘贴日志，但它们是西班牙语的，所以它们可能对大多数人没有太大帮助。
更新：感谢@Flup，我设法获得了英文日志。
它们在这里： 对于apt-get install：
ricardo@toshi ~$ sudo apt-get install nginx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
libnet-daemon-perl libplrpc-perl
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
nginx-common nginx-full
The following NEW packages will be installed:
nginx nginx-common nginx-full
0 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 17 not upgraded.
Need to get 404 kB of archives.
After this operation, 1246 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? Y
WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
nginx-common nginx-full nginx
Install these packages without verification [y/N]? y
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates/universe nginx-common all 1.2.6-1ubuntu3.3
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.153 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security/universe nginx-common all 1.2.6-1ubuntu3.3
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security/universe nginx-full amd64 1.2.6-1ubuntu3.3
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security/universe nginx all 1.2.6-1ubuntu3.3
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/nginx/nginx-common_1.2.6-1ubuntu3.3_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/nginx/nginx-full_1.2.6-1ubuntu3.3_amd64.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/nginx/nginx_1.2.6-1ubuntu3.3_all.deb 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
E: Unable to fetch some archives, maybe run apt-get update or try with --fix-missing?
为了apt-get update：
ricardo@toshi ~$ sudo apt-get update
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release.gpg
Hit http://archive.canonical.com raring Release.gpg
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring Release.gpg
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring Release.gpg
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Hit http://archive.canonical.com raring Release
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates Release.gpg
Hit http://dl.google.com stable Release
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security Release.gpg
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring Release
Hit http://archive.canonical.com raring/partner amd64 Packages
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring Release
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring Release
Hit http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist Release.gpg
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages
Get:1 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia Release.gpg [198 B]
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates Release
Hit http://archive.canonical.com raring/partner i386 Packages
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring Release
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security Release
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Sources
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Get:2 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia Release [18.5 kB]
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main amd64 Packages
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main amd64 Packages
Hit http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist Release
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main i386 Packages
Hit http://dl.google.com stable/main i386 Packages
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://toolbelt.heroku.com ./ Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Sources
Get:3 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/main amd64 Packages [23.5 kB]
Hit http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen amd64 Packages
Hit https://get.docker.io docker Release.gpg
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main amd64 Packages
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://archive.canonical.com raring/partner Translation-en
Hit http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main i386 Packages
Hit https://get.docker.io docker Release
Ign http://archive.canonical.com raring/partner Translation-es
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://toolbelt.heroku.com ./ Release
Hit http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen i386 Packages
Hit https://get.docker.io docker/main amd64 Packages
Get:4 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/upstream amd64 Packages [9249 B]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit https://get.docker.io docker/main i386 Packages
Get:5 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/import amd64 Packages [39.2 kB]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Hit http://toolbelt.heroku.com ./ Packages
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Get:6 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/main i386 Packages [23.5 kB]
Ign http://dl.google.com stable/main Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse i386 Packages/DiffIndex
Get:7 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/upstream i386 Packages [9237 B]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Translation-en
Get:8 http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/import i386 Packages [40.1 kB]
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Translation-es
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Translation-en
Ign http://ppa.launchpad.net raring/main Translation-es
Ign http://toolbelt.heroku.com ./ Translation-en
Ign http://toolbelt.heroku.com ./ Translation-es
Ign http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen Translation-en
Ign http://downloads-distro.mongodb.org dist/10gen Translation-es
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-es
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-en
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-es
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Err http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-es
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-en
Ign http://es.archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-es
Ign http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/import Translation-en
Ign http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/import Translation-es
Ign https://get.docker.io docker/main Translation-en
Ign http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/main Translation-en
Ign http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/main Translation-es
Ign http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/upstream Translation-en
Ign https://get.docker.io docker/main Translation-es
Ign http://packages.linuxmint.com olivia/upstream Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse Translation-es
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted Translation-es
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Translation-en
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe Translation-es
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main Translation-es
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Translation-en
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse Translation-es
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Translation-en
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted Translation-es
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Translation-en
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Ign http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe Translation-es
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring-updates/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse amd64 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/main i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/restricted i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/universe i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Err http://security.ubuntu.com raring-security/multiverse i386 Packages
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
Fetched 163 kB in 15s (10.9 kB/s)
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/a/aufs-tools/aufs-tools_3.0+20120411-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb/dists/raring/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/a/aufs-tools/aufs-tools_3.0+20120411-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb/dists/raring/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/a/aufs-tools/aufs-tools_3.0+20120411-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb/dists/raring/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/a/aufs-tools/aufs-tools_3.0+20120411-3ubuntu1_amd64.deb/dists/raring/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/nginx_1.4.6-1ubuntu3_all.deb/dists/raring/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/nginx_1.4.6-1ubuntu3_all.deb/dists/raring/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/nginx_1.4.6-1ubuntu3_all.deb/dists/raring/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://es.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/n/nginx/nginx_1.4.6-1ubuntu3_all.deb/dists/raring/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.91.15 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/restricted/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/universe/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-updates/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.200 80]
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
答案1
基本上更新列表以使用 old-releases.ubuntu.com：
sudo sed -i -e 's/archive.ubuntu.com\|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo sed -i -e 's/archive.ubuntu.com\|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-package-repositories.list
sudo sed -i -e 's/archive.ubuntu.com\|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/official-source-repositories.list
编辑：作为梅萨姆·穆拉在评论中说道，如果文件中的网址/etc/apt/sources.list带有某些前缀（ca.例如），您需要手动删除前缀，因为这ca.old-releases.ubuntu.com不是有效的地址。
另外，我向 Google 员工发出一些错误消息：
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/raring-security/main/source/Sources 404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.88.153 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/main Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
Err http://archive.ubuntu.com raring/restricted Sources
404 Not Found [IP: 91.189.92.201 80]
答案2
如果您获取出现 404 错误的网址之一并将其放入浏览器中，您将看到也收到 404 错误。这可能是暂时的，也可能是服务器错误，因此您可以搜索目录结构，直到您的 url 为http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/。
lucid在那里您将看到(10.04)、precise(12.04)、saucy(13.10)、trusty(14.04) 和(14.10)的子目录utopic。数字是对应的Ubuntu 版本号。其他产品已停产，不再受支持，不应使用。薄荷 16应该是 13.10 的导数所以不清楚为什么你的系统试图从 13.04 获取一些东西。
/etc/apt/sources.lst您可以尝试更新 in和/etc/sources.list.d/*from raringto中的条目saucy，并尝试是否有帮助，但您可能会通过安装不兼容的版本来进一步破坏系统（首先进行备份）。
您应该考虑升级到 Mint 17，或回退到受支持的旧版本，例如 Maya (13)