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编译后不显示加号 (+)

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编译后不显示加号 (+)

我不经常使用 LaTeX，创建文档时通常使用旧文档作为草稿，并在需要时添加新包。我现在创建了一个复杂的文档，我注意到我的公式中没有加号（加号）。

根据类似主题（PDF 中不显示加法符号) 它与我使用的软件包有关，这些软件包以某种方式相互冲突。我试图找到原因，但失败了，任何更有经验的用户的帮助都将不胜感激。

编辑：

任何方程，例如：

\begin{equation}
F = Q\left(\textbf{E} + \textbf{v} \times \textbf{B}\right)
\label{eq:lorentz}
\end{equation}

但是任何等式，即使简单使用 $$ 符号也不会呈现“+”。

工人阶级代码：

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% 
% File:     pk.cls           (LaTeX Document class option "pk")
% 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\message{*** ***}       

\newif\ifpdflatex\pdflatexfalse
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e} % 
\ProvidesClass{pk} 
\DeclareOption{pdflatex}{\pdflatextrue}
\DeclareOption*{\PassOptionsToClass{\CurrentOption}{report}} 
\ProcessOptions\LoadClass[a4paper,oneside]{report} 

\RequirePackage{times}
\RequirePackage[T1]{fontenc}
\RequirePackage{graphicx}
\RequirePackage{geometry}
\RequirePackage[usenames]{color}
\RequirePackage{fancyhdr}
\RequirePackage{url}
\RequirePackage{titlesec}
\RequirePackage{tocloft}

\geometry{lmargin=30mm, rmargin=20mm, tmargin=25mm, bmargin=25mm, foot=10mm, head=10mm}
\definecolor{Green}{rgb}{0.1,0.5,0.1}

\def\shorttitlePL#1   {\gdef\@shorttitlePL{#1}}
\def\shorttitleEN#1   {\gdef\@shorttitleEN{#1}}
\def\authorEN#1       {\gdef\@authorEN{#1}}
\def\shortauthor#1    {\gdef\@shortauthor{#1}}
\def\titlePL#1        {\gdef\@titlePL{#1}}
\def\titleEN#1        {\gdef\@titleEN{#1}}
\def\facultyEN#1      {\gdef\@facultyEN{#1}}
\def\facultyPL#1      {\gdef\@facultyPL{#1}}
\def\thesistypePL#1   {\gdef\@thesistypePL{#1}}
\def\thesistypeEN#1   {\gdef\@thesistypeEN{#1}}
\def\supervisorPL#1   {\gdef\@supervisorPL{#1}}
\def\supervisorEN#1   {\gdef\@supervisorEN{#1}}
%\def\acknowledgements#1   {\gdef\@acknowledgements{#1}}
\def\departmentPL#1   {\gdef\@departmentPL{#1}}
\def\departmentEN#1   {\gdef\@departmentEN{#1}}



\linespread{1.3}
%\renewcommand{\labelitemi}{--}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}

%------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\newcommand{\comm}[1]{
\begin{center}

{\small \textit{#1}}
\end{center}
}

\newcommand{\titlepages}{%

\newpage  \titlepage

\begin{center}

%    \begin{tabular}{lcl}
%      \multirow{4}{*}{\includegraphics[height=16mm]{pk.jpg}} &
%     \Large \textsc{\textbf{UNI name}} &
%      \multirow{4}{*}{\includegraphics[height=16mm]{mech2}}\\
%      &\textsc{\textbf{\@facultyEN}\vspace*{1mm}}\\
%      &\textsc{\textbf{Institute name}}&
%    \end{tabular}
\vspace*{5mm}

{\sffamily
{\large Field of study:}\\\vspace*{1mm}

{\large Speciality:}}\\\vspace*{2mm}

\vspace*{1cm}

{\huge\scshape \@thesistypeEN}\\\vspace*{2cm}

{\LARGE\scshape \@authorEN}\\\vspace*{2cm}

{\LARGE{\bfseries\scshape \@titleEN}}\\\vspace*{3cm}


\large{\scshape Supervisor:\\} \@supervisorEN


\vfill{\Large City, \@date}

\end{center}

\clearpage \titlepage



\clearpage
\titlepage

\begin{center}
\hspace*{-1cm}
%\noindent\makebox[\textwidth]{%
%    \begin{tabular}{lcl}
%      \multirow{4}{*}{\includegraphics[height=1.6cm]{pk.jpg}} &
%     \Large \textsc{\textbf{university full name}} &
%      \multirow{4}{*}{\includegraphics[height=1.6cm]{mech2}}\\
%      &\textsc{\textbf{\@facultyPL}\vspace*{1mm}}\\
%      &\textsc{\textbf{Institute full name}}&
%    \end{tabular}
%    }
\vspace*{5mm}

{\sffamily
{\hspace*{-1cm}\large field of studies full name pl}\\\vspace*{1mm}

{\hspace*{-1cm}\large Specialty full name pl}}\\\vspace*{2mm}

\vspace*{1cm}

{\huge\scshape \@thesistypePL}\\\vspace*{2cm}

{\LARGE\scshape \@author}\\\vspace*{2cm}

{\LARGE{\bfseries\scshape \@titlePL}}\\\vspace*{3cm}


\large{\scshape Promotor:\\} \@supervisorPL


\vfill{\Large CityPL, \@date}

\end{center}

\clearpage
\titlepage



%\vspace*{}
{\large
\textbf{Autor pracy:} 
\vspace*{-0.2cm}

\textbf{Nr pracy:}
}




\clearpage
\setcounter{page}{4}

}

\def\thesisheaders{
\fancyfoot[L]{\small \@shortauthor\quad\textit{\@shorttitleEN}}
}

\DeclareOption{en}{
\def\thesisheaders{
\fancyfoot[L]{\small \@shortauthor\quad\textit{\@shorttitleEN}}
}
}

\ProcessOptions

\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\chaptermark}[1]{\markboth{\thechapter.\ #1}{}}
\renewcommand{\sectionmark}[1]{\markright{\thesection.\ #1}}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0.5pt}
\fancyhf{}
\fancyhead{}
\fancyhead[L]{\slshape{\small \rightmark}}
\fancyhead[R]{\bfseries \thepage}

\thesisheaders

\frenchspacing
\sloppy 
\widowpenalty     9999 
\clubpenalty      9999 
\flushbottom


\titleformat{\chapter}[block]
{\bfseries\LARGE}{\filright \LARGE\thechapter. }{0ex}{}
%odst�py: lewy, g�ra, d��
\titlespacing{\chapter}{0pt}{17mm}{19mm}
\titleformat{\section}[block]
{\bfseries\Large}{\filright \Large\thesection. }{0ex}{}
\titlespacing{\section}{7mm}{8mm plus 0mm minus 1mm}{4mm plus 0mm minus 1mm}
\titleformat{\subsection}[block]
{\bfseries\large}{\filright \large\thesubsection. }{0ex}{}
\titlespacing{\subsection}{7mm}{6mm}{2.5mm}
\titleformat{\subsubsection}[block]
{\bfseries\normalsize}{\filright \normalsize\thesubsubsection. }{0ex}{}
\titlespacing{\subsubsection}{7mm}{3mm}{1.5mm}


\renewcommand{\cfttoctitlefont}{\bfseries\Large}
\renewcommand{\cftbeforetoctitleskip}{20mm}
\renewcommand{\cftaftertoctitleskip}{19mm}
\renewcommand{\cftchapleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdot}}
\renewcommand{\cftsecleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdot}}
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecleader}{\cftdotfill{\cftdot}}
\renewcommand{\cftchapaftersnum}{.}
\renewcommand{\cftsecaftersnum}{.}
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecaftersnum}{.}
\setlength{\cftparskip}{2pt}
\setlength{\cftbeforechapskip}{0mm}
\renewcommand{\cftchappagefont}{\normalsize}

主要文件：


% \documentclass[pdflatex,11pt]{pk}
\documentclass[12pt]{pk}        
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{csquotes}
% dodatkowe pakiety
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{listings}
\usepackage[hidelinks]{hyperref}
\lstloadlanguages{TeX}
\usepackage{color, colortbl}
\usepackage{hhline}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage[rightcaption]{sidecap}
% options apply to all captions
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage[font={it,small}]{caption}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{flafter} 
\usepackage{capt-of}
%\usepackage[demo]{graphicx}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage[table,xcdraw]{xcolor}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{enumerate}
\usepackage{newtxtext,newtxmath,amsmath}
\usepackage{geometry} 
\usepackage[percent]{overpic}
\usepackage{contour}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{textcomp}
% applies to all subfigure and subtable captions
\usepackage[font={it,footnotesize}]{subcaption}

\usepackage[
    backend=biber,
    style=nature,
    sorting=none,
    %articletitle=true,
  ]{biblatex}


\addbibresource{biblio.bib}
\usepackage[bottom,symbol]{footmisc}

\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\usepackage{bm}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\DeclareFieldFormat{title}{\textit{#1}}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{journal}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{journal}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat*{biblabeldate}{#1}
\DeclareFieldFormat{issuetitle}{#1}
%\DeclareFieldFormat{year}{\textbf{#1}}
%podpisy
\renewcommand\cftloftitlefont{\LARGE\bfseries}
\renewcommand\cftlottitlefont{\LARGE\bfseries}

%koniec podpisow

\lstset{
  literate={ą}{{\k{a}}}1
           {ć}{{\'c}}1
           {ę}{{\k{e}}}1
           {ó}{{\'o}}1
           {ń}{{\'n}}1
           {ł}{{\l{}}}1
           {ś}{{\'s}}1
           {ź}{{\'z}}1
           {ż}{{\.z}}1
           {Ą}{{\k{A}}}1
           {Ć}{{\'C}}1
           {Ę}{{\k{E}}}1
           {Ó}{{\'O}}1
           {Ń}{{\'N}}1
           {Ł}{{\L{}}}1
           {Ś}{{\'S}}1
           {Ź}{{\'Z}}1
           {Ż}{{\.Z}}1
}

%---------------------------------------------------------------------------

\author{author name}
\authorEN{author name}
\shortauthor{a. name}

\titlePL{title in polish}
\titleEN{title in english}

\shorttitlePL{short title PL}

\shorttitleEN{short title EN}

\thesistypePL{Praca Magisterska}
\thesistypeEN{Master of Science Thesis}

\supervisorPL{Prof. dr. hab. inż.}

\supervisorEN{Professor name}

\date{2020}

\departmentPL{Instytut}
\departmentEN{Department of}

\facultyPL{Wydział}
\facultyEN{Faculty}




\setlength{\cftsecnumwidth}{10mm}

%---------------------------------------------------------------------------
\setlength{\parskip}{1em}
\renewcommand{\baselinestretch}{1.5}
\begin{document}

\titlepages


\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Acknowledgements}
\chapter*{Acknowledgments}

acknowledgements

\chapter*{Abstract}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abstract}

abstract


\clearpage
\tableofcontents
\clearpage

%\include{introduction}
%\include{theory}
%\include{model}
%\include{analysis}
%\include{discussion}
%\include{conclusions}
%\include{summaryPL}
%%\include{abstractEN}
%\include{appendix}
\nocite{*} 

%\include{list}


\end{document}

我知道这很乱，但我总是在需要时添加新包，并且不会删除不必要的包，现在整个事情太复杂了，我不知道我现在真正使用哪个。我注释掉了图片和外部章节文件，因此它不需要任何附加文件就可以工作。

请帮我找到问题的原因，并且不破坏代码的功能，谢谢！

编辑 2：删除行 \usepackage{pslatex} 解决了方程式问题，但我的参考书目不起作用。我使用“\printbibliography”来处理它，biblio.bib 文件的示例如下所示：

@Online{Mangano2017,
  author = {Michelangelo Mangano and Patrizia Azzi and Monica D’Onofrio and Matthew Mccullough},
  title  = {Physics at its limits},
  year   = {2017},
  url    = {https://cerncourier.com/a/physics-at-its-limits/},
}

@Book{Steinmetz1917,
  author    = {Steinmetz, Charles},
  title     = {Theory and Calculation of Electric Circuits},
  year      = {1917},
  publisher = {McGraw-Hill},
}

我使用 PdfLaTeX+ Biber 来编译。

我收到一条信息“抱歉，miktex-makemf 没有成功”和“抱歉，miktex-makepk 没有成功”。错误日志有 1500 行，所以我不想把它放在这里。我使用 PdfLaTeX+ Bib(la)TeX 进行编译。

答案1

您没有提供缺少 + 的示例，更合理的测试文件应该是

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{newtxtext,newtxmath}
\usepackage{pslatex}

\begin{document}

$a+b$
\end{document}

不要加载pslatex，一般来说，你应该删除大部分软件包行，因为它们重复且有冲突。只有当你知道需要某个软件包时才使用它。

您已编辑问题，因此您的代码不再使用pslatex，并且现在出现 + 号：

在此处输入图片描述

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