如何让这个表格完美地适应投影机的一页？

Question

\begin{table}[ht]

\caption{Using Quasi-Experimental Variation}

\begin{center}

\begin{tabular}{@{}lccc@{}}

\hline

\hline
 & & Is the Good Rival in Consumption?: (Yes)

  & Is the Good Rival in Consumption?: (No)
\\

\hline

Is the Good Excludable?
 &  (Yes)
 & Private good (ice cream)
 & Impure public good (TV streaming)
 \\
\hline 
Is the Good Excludable?
& (No)
 &
Impure public good (crowded city sidewalk)
 & Pure public good (national defense)

\\
\hline

\hline 

\end{tabular}

\end{center}

\end{table}

---

比如像我用箭头演示的位置，把“好东西是否可排除”移到第三行和第四行的前面。

Answer 1

一些建议：

• 不要使用table和环境。在文档中使用和环境center毫无意义，因为环境不会“浮动”（在 Latex 意义上）。tablefigurebeamer

• 不要使用\caption。而是将其参数移动到 的参数\frametitle。

• 使用tabularx环境而不是tabular环境，并允许在两个数据列中换行。

• 合并前两列，并为标题行和第一列提供更多结构。本质上，避免重复问题Is the Good Rival in Consumption?和Is the Good Excludable?

• 加载booktabs包并使用其线条绘制宏来代替\hline。

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tabularx,booktabs}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[2]{m{#1}}

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}[t]
\frametitle{Using Quasi-Experimental Variation}
\setlength{\tabcolsep}{4pt} % default: 6pt    
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} cCC @{}}
\toprule
 Is the Good Excludable? 
 & \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Is the Good Rival in Consumption?}\\
 \cmidrule(l){2-3}
 & Yes & No \\ 
\midrule
 Yes
 & Private good (ice~cream) & Impure public good (TV streaming) \\ 
\addlinespace
 No
 & Impure public good (crowded city sidewalk) & Pure public good (national defense) \\ 
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}

\end{frame}
\end{document} 

---

附录以解决 OP 的后续请求。这里有两个备选解决方案，它们都将字符串“Is the Good Excludable”单独放在最左侧的一列中，同时允许在该列中换行。第一个替代方案使用全宽规则，第二个替代方案使用仅跨越第 3 列和第 4 列的规则。（非常感谢 @vonbrand 留下建议第二个替代方案的评论！）

\documentclass{beamer}
\usepackage{tabularx,booktabs,multirow}
% define a centered, variable-width version of the 'X' column type:
\newcolumntype{C}[1]{>{\centering\arraybackslash%
        \hsize=#1\hsize\linewidth=\hsize}X}
\renewcommand\tabularxcolumn[1]{m{#1}}
\newlength\mylen
\settowidth\mylen{Excludable?} % measure width of first col.

\begin{document}
\begin{frame}
\frametitle{Using Quasi-Experimental Variation}

%%% First alternative solution: rules span full width of the text block
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} 
    >{\raggedright}p{\mylen} c C{1.1} C{0.9} @{}}
\toprule
 & & \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Is the Good Rival in Consumption?}\\
 \cmidrule(l){3-4}
 & & Yes & No \\
\midrule
 \multirow{3}{=}{Is the Good Excludable?}
 & Yes
 & Private good (ice~cream) 
 & Impure public good (TV streaming) \\ \addlinespace
 & No
 & Impure public good (crowded city sidewalk) 
 & Pure public good (national defense) \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabularx}

\bigskip\medskip
%%% Second alternative solution: rules span only columns 3 and 4
\begin{tabularx}{\textwidth}{@{} 
    >{\raggedright}p{\mylen} c C{1.1} C{0.9} @{}}
\cmidrule[\heavyrulewidth](l){3-4}
 & & \multicolumn{2}{c@{}}{Is the Good Rival in Consumption?}\\
 \addlinespace %
 & & Yes & No \\
\cmidrule[\lightrulewidth](l){3-4}
 \multirow{3}{=}{Is the Good Excludable?}
 & Yes
 & Private good (ice~cream) 
 & Impure public good (TV streaming) \\ \addlinespace
 & No
 & Impure public good (crowded city sidewalk) 
 & Pure public good (national defense) \\
\cmidrule[\heavyrulewidth](l){3-4}
\end{tabularx}
\end{frame}
\end{document}

Answer 2

如果导入 graphicx 包，则可以\resizebox在表格周围使用该命令：

\usepackage{graphicx}

......

\resizebox{\linewidth}{!}
     {\begin{tabular{lccc}

      .......

      \end{tabular}
      }