在矩阵上为任意输入文本长度添加网格

Question 1

这可以通过来实现eqparbox，它允许我们确保每列中的节点具有相同的宽度，即给定列的最大宽度。所有这些都可以设置为样式。center align per column（您还可以使用左对齐或右对齐，分别模仿列类型l和r。）

\documentclass[border=2pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,positioning,calc}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{eqparbox}
\newbox\matrixcellbox
\tikzset{center align per column/.style={nodes={execute at begin
 node={\setbox\matrixcellbox=\hbox\bgroup},
 execute at end
 node={\egroup\eqmakebox[\tikzmatrixname\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn][c]{\copy\matrixcellbox}}}},
}
\newcommand{\JLST}{%
{0,1,2},
{a,b,c},
{f,juice,white rice}%
}
\newcommand{\TBL}[3][M] {%[#1]{name}{list}
    \let\desc\empty
\foreach \col in #3 {%
    \foreach \row [count=\nc] in \col {
        \ifnum\nc > 1%
           \expandafter\gappto\expandafter\desc\expandafter{\&}
         \fi%
        \expandafter\gappto\expandafter\desc\expandafter{\row}%
    }%
    \xappto\desc{\\}%  
}%
\matrix [#1,
    nodes={minimum size=1em,outer sep=0pt,inner sep=1pt},
    draw,thick,inner sep=0pt,
%     append after command={
% %         \pgfextra{
% %             \draw ($(\tikzlastnode.north west)$) rectangle ($(\tikzlastnode.south east)$);
% %         }
%     }, % replaced this by draw
    nodes in empty cells,
    nodes={draw,thin,anchor=center,inner sep=2pt,
    text depth={depth("g")},text height={height("H")}}, %<-added
    center align per column,% <-added
    column sep=-0.4pt, row sep=-0.4pt, % <-changed
    matrix of nodes,ampersand replacement=\&] (#2) {
    \desc
};
}
\begin{document}
    \tiny\begin{tikzpicture}
    \TBL[]{M}{\JLST}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

或者，你可以使用来自这里. 那么你只需要添加matrix dividers,matrix frame=thick,。

\documentclass[border=2pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix,positioning,calc,fit}
\makeatletter
\long\def\ifnodedefined#1#2#3{% https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/85531
    \@ifundefined{pgf@sh@ns@#1}{#3}{#2}%
}
\tikzset{matrix vlines/.style={execute at end matrix={
\foreach \XX in {1,...,\the\pgf@matrix@numberofcolumns}
{\xdef\FitList{}
\foreach \YY in {1,...,\the\pgfmatrixcurrentrow}
{\ifnodedefined{\tikzmatrixname-\YY-\XX}{\xdef\FitList{\FitList (\tikzmatrixname-\YY-\XX)}}{}
}
\node[fit=\FitList,draw=none,fill=none,inner sep=0pt,draw=none] (\tikzmatrixname-col-\XX) {};
}
\foreach \XX in {2,...,\the\pgf@matrix@numberofcolumns}
{\draw[#1] ($(\tikzmatrixname-col-\XX.west)!0.5!(\tikzmatrixname-col-\the\numexpr\XX-1\relax.east)$)
coordinate (aux) (aux|-\tikzmatrixname.north)
 --  (aux|-\tikzmatrixname.south);
}
}},matrix hlines/.style={execute at end matrix={
\foreach \YY in {1,...,\the\pgfmatrixcurrentrow}
{\xdef\FitList{}
\foreach \XX in {1,...,\the\pgf@matrix@numberofcolumns}
{\ifnodedefined{\tikzmatrixname-\YY-\XX}{\xdef\FitList{\FitList (\tikzmatrixname-\YY-\XX)}}{}
}
\node[fit=\FitList,draw=none,fill=none,inner sep=0pt,draw=none] (\tikzmatrixname-row-\YY) {};
}
\foreach \XX in {2,...,\the\pgfmatrixcurrentrow}
{\draw[#1] ($(\tikzmatrixname-row-\XX)!0.5!(\tikzmatrixname-row-\the\numexpr\XX-1\relax)$)
coordinate (aux) (aux-|\tikzmatrixname.west)
 --  (aux-|\tikzmatrixname.east);
}
}},
matrix dividers/.style={matrix vlines=#1,matrix hlines=#1},
matrix frame/.style={execute at end matrix={
\draw[#1] (\tikz@[email protected] west) rectangle (\tikz@[email protected] east);
}}}
\makeatother

\usepackage{etoolbox}
\newcommand{\JLST}{%
{0,1,2},
{a,b,c},
{f,juice,white rice}%
}
\newcommand{\TBL}[3][M] {%[#1]{name}{list}
    \let\desc\empty
\foreach \col in #3 {%
    \foreach \row [count=\nc] in \col {
        \ifnum\nc > 1%
           \expandafter\gappto\expandafter\desc\expandafter{\&}
         \fi%
        \expandafter\gappto\expandafter\desc\expandafter{\row}%
    }%
    \xappto\desc{\\}%  
}%
\matrix [#1,
    nodes={minimum size=1em,outer sep=0pt,inner sep=1pt},
    matrix dividers,matrix frame=thick,
    nodes in empty cells,
    column sep=-0.5pt, row sep=-0.5pt,
    matrix of nodes,ampersand replacement=\&] (#2) {
    \desc
};
}
\begin{document}
    \tiny\begin{tikzpicture}
    \TBL[]{M}{\JLST}
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

您可能需要调整inner sep以0pt获得

附录（根据要求）：这定义了附加样式left align per column和right align per column。（只需要更改中的对齐方式\eqmakebox。）

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\usepackage{eqparbox}
\newbox\matrixcellbox
\tikzset{center align per column/.style={nodes={execute at begin
            node={\setbox\matrixcellbox=\hbox\bgroup},
            execute at end
            node={\egroup\eqmakebox[\tikzmatrixname\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn][c]{\copy\matrixcellbox}}}},
left align per column/.style={nodes={execute at begin
            node={\setbox\matrixcellbox=\hbox\bgroup},
            execute at end
            node={\egroup\eqmakebox[\tikzmatrixname\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn][l]{\copy\matrixcellbox}}}},
right align per column/.style={nodes={execute at begin
            node={\setbox\matrixcellbox=\hbox\bgroup},
            execute at end
            node={\egroup\eqmakebox[\tikzmatrixname\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn][r]{\copy\matrixcellbox}}}},                     
}

\begin{document}
    \tiny\begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix [draw,line width=1pt,inner sep=0pt,nodes in empty cells,
        nodes={
            draw,thin,anchor=center,inner sep=2pt,
            text depth={depth("g")},text height={height("H")},
        }, 
    column 1/.style={right align per column},
    column 2/.style={center align per column},
    column 3/.style={left align per column},
    column sep=-0.4pt, row sep=-0.4pt,
    matrix of nodes] (M) {
        1 & 2 & 3 \\
        aaaaa & bbbb & cccccc \\
    };
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

或者

\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\usepackage{eqparbox}
\newbox\matrixcellbox
\tikzset{column align/.style args={#1/#2}{column #1/.style={nodes={execute at begin
            node={\setbox\matrixcellbox=\hbox\bgroup},
            execute at end node={%
            \egroup\eqmakebox[\tikzmatrixname\the\pgfmatrixcurrentcolumn][#2]{\copy\matrixcellbox}}}}
            }}

\begin{document}
    \tiny\begin{tikzpicture}
        \matrix [draw,line width=1pt,inner sep=0pt,nodes in empty cells,
        nodes={
            draw,thin,anchor=center,inner sep=2pt,
            text depth={depth("g")},text height={height("H")},
        }, 
    column align/.list={1/r,2/c,3/l},
    column sep=-0.4pt, row sep=-0.4pt,
    matrix of nodes] (M) {
        1 & 2 & 3 \\
        aaaaa & bbbb & cccccc \\
    };
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

但是请注意，类似\multicolumnand/or的东西\multirow更难实现（据我所知）。

Answer