排版好奇心：一行上的单词变化不会影响该行的设置方式，但会影响下一行的设置方式

Question 1

我无法重现您显示的输出，但是通过夸大宽度her我可以产生效果，

\documentclass[12pt]{book}
\RequirePackage[adobe-utopia]{mathdesign}

\textwidth5.5in


\lefthyphenmin=3
\tracingparagraphs2

\begin{document}

Each producer \(j\), when choosing the output of his production unit (an element in \(T(j)\))
takes as given the price system \((p_1,p_2)\) prevailing in the market and maximizes the value
of this output (the unit's profit).

Each producer \(j\), when choosing the output of he\vrule width7.01pt r production unit (an element in \(T(j)\))
takes as given the price system \((p_1,p_2)\) prevailing in the market and maximizes the value
of this output (the unit's profit). 
\end{document}

TeX 尽量避免在非常紧凑的行旁边出现非常松散的行。为了进入and第二行，空白必须非常紧凑，而第一段不允许出现这种情况，但是由于her第二种形式的行距较宽，第一行的空白足够紧凑，可以容纳紧凑的第二行。

日志显示

第一段：

@firstpass
@secondpass
[]\T1/mdput/m/n/12 Each pro-ducer $\OML/mdput/m/it/12 j$\T1/mdput/m/n/12 , when
 choos-ing the out-put of his pro-duc-tion unit (an ele-
@\discretionary via @@0 b=0 p=50 d=2600
@@1: line 1.2- t=2600 -> @@0
ment in $\OML/mdput/m/it/12 T\OT1/mdput/m/n/12 (\OML/mdput/m/it/12 j\OT1/mdput/
m/n/12 )$\T1/mdput/m/n/12 ) takes as given the price sys-tem $\OT1/mdput/m/n/12
 (\OML/mdput/m/it/12 p[]; p[]\OT1/mdput/m/n/12 )$ \T1/mdput/m/n/12 pre-vail-ing
 in the mar-ket 
@ via @@1 b=28 p=0 d=1444
@@2: line 2.1 t=4044 -> @@1
and 
@ via @@1 b=86 p=0 d=9216
@@3: line 2.3 t=11816 -> @@1
max-i-mizes the value of this out-put (the unit's profit). 
@\par via @@2 b=0 p=-10000 d=100
@\par via @@3 b=0 p=-10000 d=100
@@4: line 3.2- t=4144 -> @@2

第二段

@firstpass
@secondpass
[]\T1/mdput/m/n/12 Each pro-ducer $\OML/mdput/m/it/12 j$\T1/mdput/m/n/12 , when
 choos-ing the out-put of he|r pro-duc-tion unit (an 
@ via @@0 b=102 p=0 d=22544
@@1: line 1.0 t=22544 -> @@0
ele-
@\discretionary via @@0 b=38 p=50 d=4804
@@2: line 1.3- t=4804 -> @@0
ment in $\OML/mdput/m/it/12 T\OT1/mdput/m/n/12 (\OML/mdput/m/it/12 j\OT1/mdput/
m/n/12 )$\T1/mdput/m/n/12 ) takes as given the price sys-tem $\OT1/mdput/m/n/12
 (\OML/mdput/m/it/12 p[]; p[]\OT1/mdput/m/n/12 )$ \T1/mdput/m/n/12 pre-vail-ing
 in the mar-
@\discretionary via @@1 b=9 p=50 d=12861
@@3: line 2.2- t=35405 -> @@1
ket 
@ via @@1 b=4 p=0 d=10196
@ via @@2 b=28 p=0 d=11444
@@4: line 2.1 t=16248 -> @@2
and 
@ via @@2 b=86 p=0 d=9216
@@5: line 2.3 t=14020 -> @@2
max-i-mizes the value of this out-put (the unit's profit). 
@\par via @@3 b=0 p=-10000 d=5100
@\par via @@4 b=0 p=-10000 d=100
@\par via @@5 b=0 p=-10000 d=100
@@6: line 3.2- t=14120 -> @@5

马丁向我发送了\tracingall问题中文档的完整日志，并通过 Bakoma TeX 运行，以便我可以调查为什么需要添加规则以使其her更宽.....

与原始版本的日志进行比较\tracingall，bakoma tex 运行中的 LaTeX 宣称自己是

LaTeX2e <2017-04-15>

实际上，使用 texlive 2016 得到的差异最少，但主要差异似乎在于 mathdesign 包设置的细微差异

特别是日志的差异显示

tl2016

Package: mathdesign 2013/08/29 v2.31 Math Design Project
...
{select font mdputr8t at 11.28003pt}
...
OT1/mdput/m/n -><->s*[0.94]mdputr7t

巴科马

Package: mathdesign 2006/01/29 v1.55 Math Design Project
...
{select font mdputr8t at 11.03998pt}
...
OT1/mdput/m/n -><->s*[0.92]mdputr7t

因此字体中使用的比例因子相差 0.02。当然，在这样一个特别敏感的段落中，两种可能的换行选项具有相似的糟糕程度，而 his 和 her 提示之间的宽度差异只是平衡，字体大小的微小差异意味着我必须调整单词宽度才能看到相同的效果，这不足为奇。

Answer