我正在尝试重现以下形状：
但效果不太好：
我正在尝试增加坐标，但似乎不起作用
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% INTRODUCTION %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% PACKAGE %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% INPUT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%\input{preamble.tex}
%\input{parameters.tex}
\usepackage{tikz}% permet de dessiner des figures, des graphiques
\usepackage{adjustbox}% permet de déterminer une taille de fenêtre
%% FONT
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{tgadventor}% paquet de police de caractère TGadventor
\usepackage{sansmath}% Copie-colle la police active dans
% \sfdefault (/!\ N'EST PAS UNE POLICE DE CARACTÈRES)
\usepackage{xcolor}
\newdimen\R
\R=3cm
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% DOCUMENT %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[font={\sansmath\sffamily\Large},thick, line cap=round, line width=0.4mm, line join=round, >=latex, x=1cm, y=1cm]
%\pic[fill=orange!20]{squaroid={width=4, height=4}};
\draw[] (0:\R) \foreach \x in {0,180,...,359}{
--(\x:\R)
--++(135+\x:{2*\R/5})
arc (-45+\x:45+\x:\R/5-\R/60)
arc (45+\x:135+\x:\R/5-\R*2/60)
arc (135+\x:225+\x:\R/5-\R*3/60)
arc (225+\x:315+\x:\R/5-\R*4/60)
arc (315+\x:225+\x:\R/5-\R*5/60)
arc (225+\x:135+\x:\R/5-\R*4/60)
arc (135+\x:45+\x:\R/5-\R*4/60)
arc (45+\x:-45+\x:\R/5-\R*3/60)
arc (-45+\x:-225+\x:\R/5)
--++(135+\x:{2*\R/5})
--++(270+\x:{2*\R/5})
arc (45+\x:-135+\x:\R/5)
arc (-135+\x:-225+\x:\R/5-\R*3/60)
arc (-225+\x:-315+\x:\R/5-\R*4/60)
arc (-315+\x:-405+\x:\R/5-\R*4/60)
arc (-405+\x:-495+\x:\R/5-\R*5/60)
arc (-495+\x:-405+\x:\R/5-\R*4/60)
arc (-405+\x:-315+\x:\R/5-\R*3/60)
arc (-315+\x:-225+\x:\R/5-\R*2/60)
arc (-225+\x:-135+\x:\R/5-\R*1/60)
--+(-135+\x:{2*\R/5})
} -- cycle
%(72:\R) node[above] {$n=5$}
;
%\draw[-, opacity=0.8, samples=200, domain=-4:4, orange]
% plot(\x,-1) coordinate node [label=a] {}
% ;
%\draw[-, opacity=0.8, samples=200, domain=-4:4, blue]
% plot(0,\x) coordinate node [label={[left, inner sep=6pt]b}] {}
% ;
%\draw[-, opacity=0.8, samples=200, domain=-4:4, purple]
% plot(\x,0) coordinate node [label=c] {}
% ;
%\draw[-, opacity=0.8, samples=200, domain=-3:3, green]
% plot(\x,\x) coordinate node [label=d] {}
% ;
%\draw[]
% (0,0) coordinate node[circle, fill=orange, draw=black, scale=.5, label={[above left, inner sep=6pt]O}] {}
% (0,-1) coordinate node[circle, fill=orange, draw=black, scale=.5, label={[below right, inner sep=6pt]P}] {};
%draw the main coordinate system axes
%\pic at (0,0,0) {calcross};
%end
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案1
为了从字面上回答关于 foreach 循环的问题，可以发布
\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\def\R{3}
\draw (0:\R) \foreach \X in {0,...,3}{
--(\X*90:\R)
-- ++ (135+\X*90:{\R/2})
foreach \Y in {1,...,5}
{arc[start angle=-135+\Y*90+\X*90,end angle=-45+\Y*90+\X*90,
radius=\R/5-\Y*\R/60]}
arc[start angle=-135+6*90+\X*90,end angle=-45+7*90+\X*90,
radius=\R/60]
foreach \Y in {5,...,0}
{arc[start angle=-45+\Y*90+\X*90,end angle=-135+\Y*90+\X*90,
radius=\R/5-\Y*\R/60-\R/30]}
arc[start angle=-135+\X*90,end angle=-225+\X*90,
radius=\R/5-\R/60]
} -- cycle;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
但是，对于重复这样的任务，我更喜欢使用pics。如果你想要突出一些反射对称性，尤其如此，因为这些图片可以变换。也就是说，为了得到一些符合欧几里得变换的东西，你只需要用这些变换来处理它，直到你得到原始对象。这是群元素“旋转 90 度，然后绕 y 轴反射”的共轭类，即欧几里得群的 Z_4 子群。
\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[pics/spiral/.style={code={
\tikzset{spiral/.cd,#1}
\def\pv##1{\pgfkeysvalueof{/tikz/spiral/##1}}
\draw (0:{\pv{R}}) coordinate (-a) --
plot[variable=\t,domain=0:\pv{tmax},samples=61,smooth]
(\t:{\pv{r}-\pv{r}*abs(\t/\pv{trel})})
-- ++({abs(\pv{tmax})+90}:1pt) \pgfextra{\pgfmathsetmacro{\myan}{abs(\pv{tmax})+90}}
to[out=\myan,in=\myan]
(\pv{tmax}:{\pv{r}+\pv{dr}-\pv{r}*abs(\pv{tmax}/\pv{trel})}) --
plot[variable=\t,domain=\pv{tmax}:-180,samples=61,smooth]
(\t:{\pv{r}+\pv{dr}-\pv{r}*abs(\t/\pv{trel})})
-- (-180:\pv{R}) coordinate (-b);
}},
spiral/.cd,tmax/.initial=-630,trel/.initial=450,dr/.initial=0.1,
r/.initial=1,R/.initial=2]
\begin{scope}[rotate=45,transform shape,line cap=rect,thick,
spiral/.cd,r=0.6,trel=720,R=1.5]
\path (90:1.5) pic{spiral}
(180:1.5) pic[rotate=90,xscale=-1]{spiral}
(270:1.5) pic[rotate=180,scale=-1]{spiral}
(0:1.5) pic[rotate=270,yscale=-1]{spiral};
\end{scope}
\draw[red] (-90:3) -- (90:3) node[pos=1.05] {$\mathsf{a}$}
(45:3) -- (-135:3) node[pos=1.05] {$\mathsf{c}$};
\draw[green!60!black] (180:3) -- (0:3) node[pos=1.05] {$\mathsf{b}$}
(-45:3) -- (135:3) node[pos=1.05] {$\mathsf{d}$};
\node[fill,circle,inner sep=2pt,label=below left:$O$] {};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
答案2
你画虚线圆圈来引导你
\documentclass[tikz,border=9]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\tikz{
\draw[dotted]
(0,0)foreach\r in{1,3,...,9}{circle(\r)}
(0,2)foreach\r in{1,3,...,9}{circle(\r)};
\draw[red]
foreach\r in{1,3,...,9}{(0,-\r)arc(-90:90:\r)}
foreach\r in{1,3,...,9}{(0,\r+2)arc(90:270:\r)}
;
}
\end{document}
