使用定位时 TikZ 节点未对齐

使用定位时 TikZ 节点未对齐

当将包含 TikZ 图片本身的多个节点相对于彼此定位时(使用positioningTikZ 库),似乎所包含的图片中的节点略微未对齐:

节点错位

该图片由以下代码生成

\documentclass{article}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{fp}

\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\tikzstyle{vertex}=[circle, fill=black, minimum size=2pt, inner sep=0pt]

\newcommand{\makeTikzTree}[1]{%
    \FPeval{\result}{#1/2}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[thick, scale=0.4]
        \draw (0, 0) -- (0, -1) node[vertex]{};
        \ifodd#1
            \draw (0, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
            \foreach \x in {1, ..., \result} {
                \draw (-\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
                \draw (\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
            }
        \else
            \foreach \x in {0.5, ..., \result} {
                \draw (-\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
                \draw (\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
            }
        \fi
    \end{tikzpicture}
}

\begin{document}
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        \node (tree1) {\makeTikzTree{5}};
        \node [right=of tree1] (tree2) {\makeTikzTree{4}};
        \node [right=of tree2] (tree3) {\makeTikzTree{7}};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

注意第一棵树的对齐方式很好。这是怎么回事?如果为节点指定绝对位置,但使用相对定位却不行,为什么这样做可以正常工作?

答案1

不幸的是,您的代码嵌套了tikzpictures。应避免这种情况,因为环境图片的 pgf 键的值会被继承。您也不需要这样做,TiZ 有pics ,用于此目的。即便如此,您仍需要确保 不会vertex从定位中继承锚点。right意味着锚点是west,这解释了所有顶点都连接到其左侧。您可以通过添加到anchor=center的选项来避免这种情况vertex

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[vertex/.style={circle, fill=black, minimum
    size=2pt,inner sep=0pt,anchor=center},
        pics/little tree/.style={code={
         \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\xmax}{#1/2}
         \draw (0, 0) -- (0, -1) node[vertex]{};
        \ifodd#1
            \draw (0, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
            \foreach \x in {1, ..., \xmax} {
                \draw (-\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
                \draw (\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
            }
        \else
            \foreach \x in {0.5, ..., \xmax} {
                \draw (-\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
                \draw (\x, 1) node[vertex]{} -- (0, 0);
            }
        \fi}}]
        \node[matrix] (tree1) {\pic[scale=0.4]{little tree=5};\\};
        \node[matrix,right=of tree1] (tree2) {\pic[scale=0.4]{little tree=4};\\};
        \node[matrix,right=of tree2] (tree3) {\pic[scale=0.4]{little tree=7};\\};
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

就像薛定谔的猫一样,我会将您的树实现为pic。您可以将代码简化为:

\tikzset{
  vertex/.style={circle, fill=black, minimum size=2pt, inner sep=0pt},
  pics/tree/.style = {
      code = {
      \begin{scope}[scale=0.4, thick]
        \node[vertex] (0) at (0,0){};
        \draw(0)--(0,1);
        \foreach \x in {1,...,#1} {
          \node[vertex] (n\x) at (\x-#1/2-1/2,2){};
          \draw(0,1)--(n\x);
        }
      \end{scope}
    }
  }
}

特别注意,您不需要\FPeval或 使用\ifodd。此外,\tikzstyle已贬值,取而代之的是\tikzset

有了这个,我从示例中对定位库的理解是,以下代码应该可以工作

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \pic (tree1) at (0,0){tree=5};
  \pic[right=of tree1] (tree2) {tree=4};
  \pic[right=of tree2] (tree3) {tree=7};
\end{tikzpicture}

但出于我不明白的原因,这会导致错误。positioning library我更喜欢手动种植树木,而不是使用:

在此处输入图片描述

或者,你可以使用薛定谔猫的巧妙技巧:

\begin{tikzpicture}
  \node[matrix] (tree1) {\pic{tree=5};\\};
  \node[matrix,right=of tree1] (tree2) {\pic{tree=4};\\};
  \node[matrix,right=of tree2] (tree3) {\pic{tree=7};\\};
\end{tikzpicture} 

完整代码如下:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{positioning}

\tikzset{
  vertex/.style={circle, fill=black, minimum size=2pt, inner sep=0pt},
  pics/tree/.style = {
      code = {
      \begin{scope}[scale=0.4, thick]
        \node[vertex] (0) at (0,0){};
        \draw(0)--(0,1);
        \foreach \x in {1,...,#1} {
          \node[vertex] (n\x) at (\x-#1/2-1/2,2){};
          \draw(0,1)--(n\x);
        }
      \end{scope}
    }
  }
}

\begin{document}
  \begin{center}
      \begin{tikzpicture}
        \pic at (0,0){tree=5};
        \pic at (2,0){tree=4};
        \pic at (4.5,0){tree=7};
      \end{tikzpicture}
  \end{center}

  % Schrödinger's cat's nice trick
  \begin{tikzpicture}
    \node[matrix] (tree1) {\pic{tree=5};\\};
    \node[matrix,right=of tree1] (tree2) {\pic{tree=4};\\};
    \node[matrix,right=of tree2] (tree3) {\pic{tree=7};\\};
  \end{tikzpicture} 

\end{document}

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