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如何在 LaTeX 中绘制斜线来创建书法用的横线模板？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf color line-spacing coordinates tikz-angles
如何在 LaTeX 中绘制斜线来创建书法用的横线模板？

我正在尝试创建一个书法模板。我希望它看起来像下面这张图片，但没有边距和标题（A4 纸）。我想要三种类型的线条：

  1. 水平线每隔 1 厘米交替一次，深黑色。
  2. 水平线每 0.5 厘米交替出现，颜色为浅灰色。它们基本上位于 1 厘米黑色线条之间。

  3. 每 1 厘米交替呈 55 度角的线条，红色。如果该角度是一个变量，那么我以后可以根据需要进行更改，这样就更好了。

    在此处输入图片描述


这是我目前能做到的，但由于我是基于直角坐标系绘制线条，所以我不知道如何将斜线的角度调整为 55 度。我基本上只需要修复这一点；除此之外，我对结果很满意。

\documentclass[letterpaper]{article} %为了呈现图片，不包括“草稿”
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{计算}
\usepackage{逐字}

\开始{文档}
\pagestyle{空}

\begin{tikzpicture}[记住图片,覆盖]

\foreach \i 在 {1,2,3，...，30}{
    \draw[black] ($(当前页面.西北)+(0,-\i)$) -- ($(当前页面.东北)+(0,-\i)$);}

\foreach \i 在 {0.5,1.5,2.5，...，60}{
    \draw[lightgray] ($(当前页面.西北)+(0,-\i)$) -- ($(当前页面.东北)+(0,-\i)$);}

\foreach \i 在 {1,2,3，...，60}{
    \draw[red] ($(当前页面.西南)+(0,-\i)$) -- ($(当前页面.东北)+(0,-\i)$);}

\foreach \i 在 {0,1,2,3，...，60}{
    \draw[red] ($(当前页面.西南)+(0,+\i)$) -- ($(当前页面.东北)+(0,+\i)$);}

\结束{tikzpicture}

\结束{文档}


这是我的输出。


在此处输入图片描述


答案1

您可以使用极坐标，例如(55:100cm)。在下面的代码中，我根据所选角度和两条连续斜线之间的\myAngle距离计算要绘制的斜线的精确数量。我的代码还计算了这些线所需的最大长度。\myDist

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc}

\pagestyle{empty}

\newcommand*{\myDist}{1cm} % distance between consecutive oblique lines
\newcommand*{\myAngle}{55} % angle of said lines wrt horizontal, in degrees
% Distance between consecutive oblique lines, projected on the horizontal axis
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\horizIntervWidth}{\myDist/sin(\myAngle)}

% Length of the longest oblique lines we'll need. I add 10pt to be 100% safe
% with respect to rounding errors (the lines will be clipped anyway).
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro{\maxLength}{10pt + \paperheight/sin(\myAngle)}

% Number of oblique lines to draw
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\maxIndex}{
  round((\paperheight/tan(\myAngle) + \paperwidth)/\horizIntervWidth)}

\begin{document}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
% Just to be sure we don't paint outside the page. :-)
\clip (current page.south west) rectangle (current page.north east);

\foreach \i in {1,2,...,30} {
  \draw[black] ($(current page.north west)+(0,-\i)$) --
               ($(current page.north east)+(0,-\i)$);
}

\foreach \i in {0.5,1.5,...,60} {
  \draw[lightgray] ($(current page.north west)+(0,-\i)$) --
                   ($(current page.north east)+(0,-\i)$);
}

\foreach \i in {1,2,...,\maxIndex} {
  \draw[red] ([xshift=-\i*\horizIntervWidth]current page.south east) --
            +(\myAngle:\maxLength);
}
\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案2

这确实不是回答您的具体问题，但可以适应您的使用，并内置了许多其他选项。我试图根据您的要求设置默认值（留在垂直线中，但您可以通过将其放在和draw=none的末尾来禁用它。Vertical Line StyleVertical Line Style Alternate

在此处输入图片描述

笔记：

  • 有三种不同类型的线：水平线、垂直线和水平倾斜线。
  • 倾斜角度可以通过 设置\SlantAngle。
  • 每种线条样式都有\tikzset一种替代样式应用于每第 n 条线，并且每种线条样式都有两种与之关联的线条样式：主样式和替代线条样式。
  • 边框是可选的，可以通过设置、\MarginTop和\MarginBottom来禁用。\MarginLeft\MarginRight0.0cm

代码：

%% Calligraphy Guide Lines
%% Peter Grill
%%
%% ---------------------- Note: May need to run this twice ---------------------
%%
%% --------------------------------------------------- Select Lines 
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Horizontal Lines
\def\VerticalSkip{1.0cm}%               0.10cm through 2cm
\def\UseAltStyleEveryNthHorizontalLine{2}%

%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Slant Lines
\def\HorizontalSlantSkip{1.0cm}%    
\def\SlantAngle{55}%                    Degrees >30, < 60
\def\UseAltStyleEveryNthSlantLine{4}%

%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Vertical Lines
\def\HorizontalSkip{2.66625cm}%     
\def\UseAltStyleEveryNthVerticalLine{5}%


%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Select Margins
\def\MarginTop{0.25cm}
\def\MarginBottom{0.25cm}
\def\MarginLeft{0.25cm} 
\def\MarginRight{0.25cm} 
%% ---------------------------------------------------------------- Select Paper 
\def\Paper{a4paper}%        letter | a4paper | a5paper, ....
\def\Orientation{portrait}%% portrait | landscape
%% -----------------------
\documentclass[\Paper, \Orientation]{article}% Version 1.1


\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{xstring}

\pagestyle{empty}

%% Select the line style. I prefer using the second one here and using the output underneath
%% the actual paper as guide lines. The first is better if you want to actually write on 
%% top of the guide lines
%%
%% Few other options that can be applied here (last applied options override earlier ones).
%%     solid
%%     dotted,          densely dotted,     loosely dotted,
%%     dashed,          densely dashed,     loosely dashed,
%%     dash dot dot,    densely dash dot dot,   loosely dash dot dot,
%%     loosely dashed,
%%
%% Custom line styles can be defined also be specifying the on/off patter:
%%     dash pattern=on 2pt off 3pt on 4pt off 4pt
%%
%% To disable ANY lines use the draw=none as the last style.

%\tikzset{Line Style/.style={line width=1pt, densely dotted, gray, draw opacity=0.1}}
\tikzset{Line Style/.style={
    line width=0.2pt, 
    solid, 
    gray, 
    draw opacity=0.5
 }}

\tikzset{Horizontal Line Style/.style={
    Line Style, 
    solid,
 }}
\tikzset{Horizontal Line Style Alternate/.style={
    Line Style, 
    line width=0.2pt, 
    dashed, 
    draw opacity=1.0, 
}}

\tikzset{Slant Line Style/.style={
    Line Style
}}
\tikzset{Slant Line Style Alternate/.style={
    Line Style, 
    line width=0.2pt, 
    solid, 
    draw opacity=1.0, 
    red
}}


\tikzset{Vertical Line Style/.style={Line Style, line width=0.1pt}}
\tikzset{Vertical Line Style Alternate/.style={Line Style, line width=0.1pt}}


\tikzset{Border Line Style/.style={Line Style, thin}}


\newlength{\DeltaY}
\newlength{\TempLength}

\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxHorizontalLines}{\paperheight/\VerticalSkip}

\pgfmathsetmacro{\TanSlantAngle}{tan(\SlantAngle)}
\pgfmathsetlength{\DeltaY}{\HorizontalSlantSkip*\TanSlantAngle}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxSlantLinesX}{\paperwidth/\HorizontalSlantSkip}
\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxSlantLinesY}{\paperheight/\DeltaY}

\pgfmathtruncatemacro{\MaxVerticalLines}{\paperwidth/\HorizontalSkip}

\newcommand*{\SetLineStyle}[4]{% 
    %% #1 = style name to set
    %% #2 = default line style
    %% #3 = line number
    %% #4 = which lines get the alternate line style
   \pgfmathtruncatemacro{\Remainder}{mod(#3,#4)}%
   \ifnum\Remainder=0\relax
       \tikzset{#1/.style={#2 Alternate}}%
   \else
       \tikzset{#1/.style={#2}}%
   \fi
}%

\begin{document}%
\begin{tikzpicture}[
    remember picture, 
    overlay, 
    shift=(current page.south west),% So that (0,0) is south west of paper
]
   %% Clip to create the border
   \clip (\MarginLeft,\MarginBottom) rectangle 
         (\paperwidth-\MarginRight,\paperheight-\MarginTop);

   \foreach \y in {1,...,\MaxHorizontalLines} {% Horizontal guide lines
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Horizontal Line Style}{Horizontal Line Style}
           {\y}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthHorizontalLine}

       \begin{scope}[yshift=-\MarginTop]
           \draw[This Horizontal Line Style] 
               (0pt,\paperheight-\y*\VerticalSkip) -- (\paperwidth,\paperheight-\y*\VerticalSkip) 
           ;
       \end{scope}
   }

   \foreach \x in {1,...,\MaxVerticalLines} {% Vertical guide lines
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Vertical Line Style}{Vertical Line Style}
           {\x}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthVerticalLine}

       \begin{scope}[xshift=\MarginLeft]
           \draw[This Vertical Line Style] 
               (\x*\HorizontalSkip,0pt) -- (\x*\HorizontalSkip,\paperheight) 
           ;
       \end{scope}
   }

   \pgfmathsetlength{\TempLength}{\paperwidth*\TanSlantAngle}
   \foreach \x in {0,...,\MaxSlantLinesX} {% Slant Lines starting along bottom of page
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Slant Line Style}{Slant Line Style}
           {\x}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthSlantLine}

       \draw[This Slant Line Style] 
           (\x*\HorizontalSlantSkip,0pt) -- ++(\paperwidth,\TempLength)
       ;
   }

   \foreach \y in {1,...,\MaxSlantLinesY} {% Slant Lines starting along left of page
       \SetLineStyle
           {This Slant Line Style}{Slant Line Style}
           {\y}{\UseAltStyleEveryNthSlantLine}

       \draw[This Slant Line Style] 
           (0pt,\y*\DeltaY) -- ++(\paperwidth,\TempLength)
       ;
   }

   %% Draw border
   \draw [Border Line Style]
         (\MarginLeft,\MarginBottom) rectangle 
         (\paperwidth-\MarginRight,\paperheight-\MarginTop);
\end{tikzpicture}%
\end{document}

答案3

另一种无需 的解决方案calc。

\documentclass[a4paper]{article} %do not include "draft" in order to render pictures
\usepackage{tikz}
%\usetikzlibrary{calc}
\usepackage{verbatim}

\begin{document}
\pagestyle{empty}

\begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture,overlay]

\foreach \i in {1,2,3,...,30}{
    \draw[black] ([yshift=-\i cm]current page.north west) -- ++(0:\paperwidth);}

\foreach \i in {0.5,1.5,2.5,...,60}{
    \draw[lightgray] ([yshift=-\i cm]current page.north west) -- ++(0:\paperwidth);}

\foreach \i in {1,2,3,...,60}{
    \draw[red] ([xshift=\i cm]current page.north west) -- ++(235:2*\paperheight);}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

答案4

以下是元帖子包裹在 中luamplib。你可以用 来编译它lualatex。

\documentclass[border=5mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{luamplib}
\begin{document}
\begin{mplibcode}
beginfig(1);
    numeric r, u, v;
    r = 55; % angle of lines (to horizontal)
    u = 1cm; % horizontal spacing
    v = 5mm; % vertical spacing

    color base, mid, slant;
    base = 1/4 white;
    mid = 3/4 white;
    slant = 3/4[red, white];

    drawoptions(withpen pencircle scaled 1/4);
    for x = -60 upto 60:  
        draw (left--right) scaled 80cm rotated r shifted (x * u, 0) withcolor slant;
    endfor
    for y = -30 upto 30:
        draw (left--right) scaled 20cm shifted (0, y * 5mm) withcolor if odd y: mid else: base fi;
    endfor
    clip currentpicture to unitsquare shifted -(1/2, 1/2) xscaled 200mm yscaled 280mm;
endfig;
\end{mplibcode}
\end{document}

这将生成如下页面：

在此处输入图片描述

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