tikz-3dplot 在图像中填充一个区域

Question

使用 tikz-3dplot 示例，如下所示这里，我想填充 z 轴和红色箭头之间的区域。有办法吗？谢谢！

Answer 1

欢迎！你可以用以下方法遮蔽该区域

\path[fill=red,fill opacity=0.5] (0,0,0) -- plot[variable=\t,domain=90:\phivec]
(xyz spherical cs:radius=.8,longitude=\thetavec,latitude=\t); 

完整代码：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}   %TikZ is required for this to work.  Make sure this exists before the next line

\usepackage{tikz-3dplot} %requires 3dplot.sty to be in same directory, or in your LaTeX installation

\usepackage[active,tightpage]{preview}  %generates a tightly fitting border around the work
\PreviewEnvironment{tikzpicture}
\setlength\PreviewBorder{2mm}

\begin{document}

%Angle Definitions
%-----------------

%set the plot display orientation
%synatax: \tdplotsetdisplay{\theta_d}{\phi_d}
\tdplotsetmaincoords{60}{110}

%define polar coordinates for some vector
%TODO: look into using 3d spherical coordinate system
\pgfmathsetmacro{\rvec}{.8}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\thetavec}{30}
\pgfmathsetmacro{\phivec}{60}

%start tikz picture, and use the tdplot_main_coords style to implement the display 
%coordinate transformation provided by 3dplot
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=5,tdplot_main_coords]

%set up some coordinates 
%-----------------------
\coordinate (O) at (0,0,0);

%determine a coordinate (P) using (r,\theta,\phi) coordinates.  This command
%also determines (Pxy), (Pxz), and (Pyz): the xy-, xz-, and yz-projections
%of the point (P).
%syntax: \tdplotsetcoord{Coordinate name without parentheses}{r}{\theta}{\phi}
\tdplotsetcoord{P}{\rvec}{\thetavec}{\phivec}

%draw figure contents
%--------------------

%draw the main coordinate system axes
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (1,0,0) node[anchor=north east]{$x$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,1,0) node[anchor=north west]{$y$};
\draw[thick,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,1) node[anchor=south]{$z$};

%draw a vector from origin to point (P) 
\draw[-stealth,color=red] (O) -- (P);

%draw projection on xy plane, and a connecting line
\draw[dashed, color=red] (O) -- (Pxy);
\draw[dashed, color=red] (P) -- (Pxy);

%draw the angle \phi, and label it
%syntax: \tdplotdrawarc[coordinate frame, draw options]{center point}{r}{angle}{label options}{label}
\tdplotdrawarc{(O)}{0.2}{0}{\phivec}{anchor=north}{$\phi$}


%set the rotated coordinate system so the x'-y' plane lies within the
%"theta plane" of the main coordinate system
%syntax: \tdplotsetthetaplanecoords{\phi}
\tdplotsetthetaplanecoords{\phivec}

\path[fill=red,fill opacity=0.5] (0,0,0) -- plot[variable=\t,domain=90:\phivec]
(xyz spherical cs:radius=.8,longitude=\thetavec,latitude=\t); 

%draw theta arc and label, using rotated coordinate system
\tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords]{(0,0,0)}{0.5}{0}{\thetavec}{anchor=south west}{$\theta$}

%draw some dashed arcs, demonstrating direct arc drawing
\draw[dashed,tdplot_rotated_coords] (\rvec,0,0) arc (0:90:\rvec);
\draw[dashed] (\rvec,0,0) arc (0:90:\rvec);

%set the rotated coordinate definition within display using a translation
%coordinate and Euler angles in the "z(\alpha)y(\beta)z(\gamma)" euler rotation convention
%syntax: \tdplotsetrotatedcoords{\alpha}{\beta}{\gamma}
\tdplotsetrotatedcoords{\phivec}{\thetavec}{0}

%translate the rotated coordinate system
%syntax: \tdplotsetrotatedcoordsorigin{point}
\tdplotsetrotatedcoordsorigin{(P)}

%use the tdplot_rotated_coords style to work in the rotated, translated coordinate frame
\draw[thick,tdplot_rotated_coords,->] (0,0,0) -- (.5,0,0) node[anchor=north west]{$x'$};
\draw[thick,tdplot_rotated_coords,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,.5,0) node[anchor=west]{$y'$};
\draw[thick,tdplot_rotated_coords,->] (0,0,0) -- (0,0,.5) node[anchor=south]{$z'$};

%WARNING:  coordinates defined by the \coordinate command (eg. (O), (P), etc.)
%cannot be used in rotated coordinate frames.  Use only literal coordinates.  

%draw some vector, and its projection, in the rotated coordinate frame
\draw[-stealth,color=blue,tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,0,0) -- (.2,.2,.2);
\draw[dashed,color=blue,tdplot_rotated_coords] (0,0,0) -- (.2,.2,0);
\draw[dashed,color=blue,tdplot_rotated_coords] (.2,.2,0) -- (.2,.2,.2);

%show its phi arc and label
\tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords,color=blue]{(0,0,0)}{0.2}{0}{45}{anchor=north west,color=black}{$\phi'$}

%change the rotated coordinate frame so that it lies in its theta plane.
%Note that this overwrites the original rotated coordinate frame
%syntax: \tdplotsetrotatedthetaplanecoords{\phi'}
\tdplotsetrotatedthetaplanecoords{45}

%draw theta arc and label
\tdplotdrawarc[tdplot_rotated_coords,color=blue]{(0,0,0)}{0.2}{0}{55}{anchor=south west,color=black}{$\theta'$}

\end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}