我想要绘制下图：
目前我的工作内容如下：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz,subcaption,amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,positioning}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\centering
\coordinate (a) at (0,0);
\coordinate (b) at (3,0);
\coordinate (c) at (5,-2);
\coordinate (d) at (3,-4);
\coordinate (e) at (1.5,-4);
\coordinate (f) at (0,-4);
\coordinate (g) at (-2,-2);
\draw (a) node[above]{$v_1$};
\draw (b) node[above]{$v_2$};
\draw (c) node[right]{$v_3$};
\draw (d) node[below]{$v_4$};
\draw (f) node[below]{$v_{n-1}$};
\draw (g) node[left]{$v_{n}$};
\draw [fill=black] (a) circle[radius=2pt];
\draw [fill=black] (b) circle[radius=2pt];
\draw [fill=black] (c) circle[radius=2pt];
\draw [fill=black] (d) circle[radius=2pt];
\draw [fill=black] (e) circle[radius=2pt];
\draw [fill=black] (f) circle[radius=2pt];
\draw [fill=black] (g) circle[radius=2pt];
\draw [-{Latex[length=3mm]}] (a)--(b) ;
\draw [-{Latex[length=3mm]}] (b)--(c) ;
\draw [-{Latex[length=3mm]}] (c)--(d) ;
\draw [-{Latex[length=3mm]}] (d)--(e) ;
\draw [-{Latex[length=3mm]}] (e)--(f) ;
\draw [-{Latex[length=3mm]}] (f)--(g) ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
产生：
请帮忙。
答案1
这主要是带有极坐标和一些附加项的一个循环。整体大小由“函数”控制R=3;。
\documentclass[tikz,border=3mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,bending,quotes}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>={Stealth[bend]},dot/.style={circle,fill,inner sep=2pt},
declare function={R=3;},bend angle=12]
\path[dash pattern=on 1.5pt off 1pt]
(0,0) node[circle, inner sep=4pt,draw,
label={[gray,font=\sffamily]above right:impurities}] (O){}
foreach \X [count=\Y] in {1,2,3,4,n-1,n}
{(180-\Y*60:R) node[dot,label={180-\Y*60:$v_{\X}$}]
(v\X){}
(O) edge[bend left,->] (v\X)
(v\X) edge[bend left,->] (O)
\ifnum\Y>1
\ifnum\Y<5
(v\the\numexpr\Y-1) edge[solid,->,"$e_{\the\numexpr\Y-1}$"] (v\Y)
\fi
\fi
}
(0,{-R*cos(30)}) node[dot,label=-90:$\cdots$] (v0) {}
(O) edge[bend left,->] (v0)
(v0) edge[bend left,->] (O)
;
\path[->] (vn) edge[bend left,"$e_{n}$"] (O)
(v4) edge["$e_4$"] (v0)
(v0) edge["$\cdots$"] (vn-1)
(vn-1) edge["$e_{n-1}$"] (vn);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}
