我在创建复杂表格（即使用包）时遇到问题multirow。我是创建（复杂）表格的新手，我无法按自己想要的方式对齐单元格的内容。
这是我想要获得的表格（红色框是我想要的对齐方式）：
代码：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{cellspace}
\usepackage{multirow}
\setcellgapes{7.5pt}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{7.5pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{7.5pt}
\setlength\parindent{0pt}
\newcommand{\form}[1]{\textbf{\textsf{#1}}}
\onehalfspacing
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\makegapedcells
\setlength\tabcolsep{10pt}
\begin{tabular}{|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{40pt}
|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{25pt}
|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{120pt}
|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{120pt}
|>{\centering\arraybackslash}p{120pt}|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\form{Discriminant}} & $\Delta = b^2-4ac > 0$ & $\Delta = b^2-4ac = 0$ & $\Delta = b^2-4ac < 0$\\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\form{Solutions}} & \shortstack{\form{2 racines simples}\\ $x = x_1 = \mathlarger{\frac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}}$\\ ou\\ $x = x_2 = \mathlarger{\frac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}}$} & \shortstack{\form{Une racine double}\\ $x = x_0 = -\mathlarger{\frac{b}{2a}}$} & \form{Pas de solutions dans} $\mathbb{R}$\\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\form{Forme factorisée}} & $a(x-x_1)(x-x_2)$ & $a(x-x_0)^2$ & \form{Pas de forme factorisée dans} $\mathbb{R}$\\
\hline
\multirow{2}*{\form{Graphe}} & $a > 0$ & \begin{tikzpicture}
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {\zoom*2*\x*\x-.3});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X1}];
\path [name intersections={of=right and P, by=X2}];
\fill [black] (X1) circle (0.05) node [xshift=-5, yshift=-5]{$x_1$};
\fill [black] (X2) circle (0.05) node [xshift=5, yshift=-5]{$x_2$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {\zoom*2*\x*\x});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X0}];
\fill [black] (X0) circle (0.05) node [yshift=-6]{$x_0$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {\zoom*2*\x*\x+.3});
\end{tikzpicture}\\
\cline{2-5}
& $a < 0$ & \begin{tikzpicture}
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {-\zoom*2*\x*\x+.3});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X1}];
\path [name intersections={of=right and P, by=X2}];
\fill [black] (X1) circle (0.05) node [xshift=-5, yshift=5]{$x_1$};
\fill [black] (X2) circle (0.05) node [xshift=5, yshift=5]{$x_2$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {-\zoom*2*\x*\x});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X0}];
\fill [black] (X0) circle (0.05) node [yshift=6]{$x_0$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {-\zoom*2*\x*\x-.3});
\end{tikzpicture}\\
\hline
\multirow{2}*{\form{Signe}} & $a > 0$ & ~ & ~ & ~\\\cline{2-5} & $a < 0$ & ~ & ~ & ~\\
\hline
\multirow{2}*{\form{Variations}} & $a > 0$ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{~}\\\cline{2-5} & $a < 0$ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{~}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}{}
\label{tab:recap}
\end{center}
\end{document}
更广泛地说，我不太了解 LaTeX 如何处理数组/表中的对齐，如果可能的话，我想了解一点相关知识。
谢谢！
答案1
您的大部分问题都来自\shortstack，即将基线置于底部。我将其替换为\parbox，此时您不再需要 p 列。
Tikzpicture通常将基线置于底部，但可以使用[baseline=(...)]选项进行调整。
最后是\multirow，它被makecell和可能的setspace混淆了。最好的解决方案是替换\multirow为\raisebox并计算或猜测将文本移动多远。
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[margin=0.5in]{geometry}% need more space
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{intersections}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{setspace}
\usepackage{relsize}
\usepackage{sectsty}
\usepackage{array}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{makecell}
\usepackage{cellspace}
\usepackage{multirow}
\setcellgapes{7.5pt}
\setlength\cellspacetoplimit{7.5pt}
\setlength\cellspacebottomlimit{7.5pt}
\setlength\parindent{0pt}
\newcommand{\form}[1]{\textbf{\textsf{#1}}}
\onehalfspacing
\begin{document}
\begin{center}
\makegapedcells
\setlength\tabcolsep{10pt}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\form{Discriminant}} & $\Delta = b^2-4ac > 0$ & $\Delta = b^2-4ac = 0$ & $\Delta = b^2-4ac < 0$\\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\form{Solutions}}
& \parbox[c]{120pt}{\centering \form{2 racines simples}\\ $x = x_1 = \mathlarger{\frac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}}$\\ ou\\ $x = x_2 = \mathlarger{\frac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}}$}
& \parbox[c]{120pt}{\centering \form{Une racine double}\\ $x = x_0 = -\mathlarger{\frac{b}{2a}}$} & \form{Pas de solutions dans} $\mathbb{R}$ \\
\hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{\form{Forme factorisée}} & $a(x-x_1)(x-x_2)$ & $a(x-x_0)^2$
& \parbox[c]{120pt}{\form{Pas de forme factorisée dans} $\mathbb{R}$}\\
\hline
\raisebox{-40pt}[0pt][0pt]{\form{Graphe}} & $a > 0$ & \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {\zoom*2*\x*\x-.3});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X1}];
\path [name intersections={of=right and P, by=X2}];
\fill [black] (X1) circle (0.05) node [xshift=-5, yshift=-5]{$x_1$};
\fill [black] (X2) circle (0.05) node [xshift=5, yshift=-5]{$x_2$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {\zoom*2*\x*\x});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X0}];
\fill [black] (X0) circle (0.05) node [yshift=-6]{$x_0$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {\zoom*2*\x*\x+.3});
\end{tikzpicture}\\
\cline{2-5}
& $a < 0$ & \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {-\zoom*2*\x*\x+.3});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X1}];
\path [name intersections={of=right and P, by=X2}];
\fill [black] (X1) circle (0.05) node [xshift=-5, yshift=5]{$x_1$};
\fill [black] (X2) circle (0.05) node [xshift=5, yshift=5]{$x_2$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {-\zoom*2*\x*\x});
\path [name intersections={of=left and P, by=X0}];
\fill [black] (X0) circle (0.05) node [yshift=6]{$x_0$};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}[baseline=(current bounding box.center)]
\def\zoom{0.6}
\coordinate (O) at (0,0);
\draw [name path=left] ({-\zoom*2},0)--(O);
\draw [->, name path=right] (O)--({\zoom*2},0);
\draw [thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, smooth, variable=\x, name path=P] plot (\x, {-\zoom*2*\x*\x-.3});
\end{tikzpicture}\\
\hline
\multirow{2}*{\form{Signe}} & $a > 0$ & ~ & ~ & ~\\\cline{2-5} & $a < 0$ & ~ & ~ & ~\\
\hline
\multirow{2}*{\form{Variations}} & $a > 0$ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{~}\\\cline{2-5} & $a < 0$ & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{~}\\
\hline
\end{tabular}{}
\label{tab:recap}
\end{center}
\end{document}
答案2
通过使用tabularx表格环境，tikzse对于所有图片样式设置，更一致的图表绘制和使用multirow环境在前两列中垂直居中单元格内容（对我来说是合理的），表格中的 MWE 可以明显简化和缩短：
\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{geometry}% need more space NOT ANYMORE
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,
intersections}
\usepackage{mathtools, amssymb}
%\usepackage{setspace} % not used in this MWE
%\usepackage{relsize} % not used in this MWE
%\usepackage{sectsty} % not used in this MWE
\usepackage{makecell, multirow, tabularx}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{\centering\arraybackslash}X}
\usepackage{xparse}
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand\mcc{O{2}m}
{\multicolumn{#1}{|c|}{#2}}
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand\mc{O{2}m}
{\multicolumn{#1}{c|}{#2}}
\setlength\parindent{0pt}
\newcommand{\form}[1]{\textbf{\textsf{#1}}}
%\onehalfspacing
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htb]
\caption{Récapitulation}
\label{tab:recap}
\tikzset{dot/.style = {circle, fill, inner sep=1pt},
arr/.style = {-{Straight Barb[angle=60:3pt 2]}},
every label/.style = {label distance=1pt, inner sep=0pt},
every picture = {baseline=(current bounding box.center)}
}
\setcellgapes{7.5pt}
\makegapedcells
%\setlength\tabcolsep{10pt}
\begin{tabularx}{\linewidth}{|c|c|C|C|C|}
\Xhline{1pt}
\mcc{\form{Discriminant}}
& $\Delta = b^2-4ac > 0$
& $\Delta = b^2-4ac = 0$
& $\Delta = b^2-4ac < 0$ \\
\hline
\mcc{\form{Solutions}}
& \form{2 racines simples}\newline
$\begin{aligned}
x & = x_1 = \dfrac{-b-\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a} \\
\mbox{ou} \\
x & = x_2 = \dfrac{-b+\sqrt{\Delta}}{2a}
\end{aligned}$
& \form{Une racine double}\newline
$x = x_0 = -\dfrac{b}{2a}$
& \form{Pas de solutions dans} $\mathbb{R}$ \\
\Xhline{0.6pt}
\mcc{\multirow{2}{*}{\form{Forme factorisée}} }
& \multirow{2}{*}{$a(x-x_1)(x-x_2)$ }
& \multirow{2}{*}{$a(x-x_0)^2$ }
& \form{Pas de forme factorisée dans} $\mathbb{R}$\\
\Xhline{0.6pt}
\multirow{3.4}{*}{\form{Graphe}}
& \multirow{-5}{*}{$a > 0$}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[arr, name path=A] (-1.2,0) -- (1.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, name path=C] plot (\x,{\x*\x - 0.3});
\path[name intersections={of=A and C, by={a,b}}]
node [dot,label=below left: $x_1$] at (a) {}
node [dot,label=below right:$x_2$] at (b) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[arr, name path=A] (-1.2,0) -- (1.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, name path=C] plot (\x,\x*\x);
\path[name intersections={of=A and C, by={a}}]
node [dot,label=below: $x_0$] at (a) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[arr] (-1.2,0) -- (1.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[thick, domain=-1.2:1.2] plot (\x,{\x*\x+0.3});
\end{tikzpicture} \\
\cline{2-5}
& \multirow{-5}{*}{$a < 0$}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[arr, name path=A] (-1.2,0) -- (1.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, name path=C] plot (\x,{-\x*\x + 0.3});
\path[name intersections={of=A and C, by={a,b}}]
node [dot,label=above left: $x_1$] at (a) {}
node [dot,label=above right:$x_2$] at (b) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[arr, name path=A] (-1.2,0) -- (1.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[thick, domain=-1.2:1.2, name path=C] plot (\x,-\x*\x);
\path[name intersections={of=A and C, by={a}}]
node [dot,label=$x_0$] at (a) {};
\end{tikzpicture}
& \begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[arr] (-1.2,0) -- (1.2,0) node[right] {$x$};
\draw[thick, domain=-1.2:1.2] plot (\x,{-\x*\x-0.3});
\end{tikzpicture} \\
\Xhline{0.6pt}
\multirow{3.4}*{\form{Signe}}
& $a > 0$ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
\cline{2-5}
& $a < 0$ & ~ & ~ & ~ \\
\Xhline{0.6pt}
\multirow{3.2}*{\form{Variations}}
& $a > 0$ & \mc[3] {~} \\
\cline{2-5}
& $a < 0$ & \mc[3] {~} \\
\Xhline{1pt}
\end{tabularx}
\end{table}
\end{document}
