如何用 TikZ 绘制硅晶格（原为：如何在 LaTex 中生成此图像）

Question

有人知道如何在 LaTex 中编写此代码吗？我正在尝试学习我知道我需要使用 Tikz 的程序。如果有人知道如何做到这一点，请分享您的意见。感谢您的帮助！

Answer 1

你可以使用 TikZ 矩阵。然后像这样：

\documentclass[margin=5mm, tikz]{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{matrix}
\usetikzlibrary{backgrounds} 

\begin{document}
\pgfmathsetlengthmacro\eradius{0.65ex}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
si/.style={circle, draw, fill=white},
]
\matrix (m) [matrix of nodes, nodes in empty cells,
nodes={inner sep=1ex, anchor=center},
column sep=2em, row sep=2em, 
]{
    &               &       &               &       &               &            \\
    & |[si]|Si   &       &  |[si]|Si   &       &  |[si]|Si  &            \\
    &               &       &               &       &               &            \\
    & |[si]|Si   &       &  |[si]|Si   &       &  |[si]|Si  &            \\
    &               &       &               &       &               &            \\
%1  &  2           &  3   &  4            &  5    &  6          &  7         \\
};

% Annotations
\foreach \y in {1,3,5}{
\foreach \x in {2,4,6}{
\fill[] ([yshift=0.2*\eradius]m-\y-\x.north) circle[radius=\eradius];
\fill[] ([yshift=-0.2*\eradius]m-\y-\x.south) circle[radius=\eradius];
}}

\foreach \y in {2,4}{
\foreach \x in {1,3,5,7}{
\fill[] ([xshift=0.2*\eradius]m-\y-\x.east) circle[radius=\eradius];
\fill[] ([xshift=-0.2*\eradius]m-\y-\x.west) circle[radius=\eradius];
}}

\begin{scope}[on background layer]
\foreach \y in {2,4}{
\draw[transform canvas={yshift=1ex}, 
shorten >=-1.5ex, shorten <=-1.5ex
] (m-\y-1.north west) -- (m-\y-7.north east); 
\draw[transform canvas={yshift=-1ex}, 
shorten >=-1.5ex, shorten <=-1.5ex
] (m-\y-1.south west) -- (m-\y-7.south east); 
}
\foreach \x in {2,4,6}{
\draw[transform canvas={xshift=-0.7ex}, 
shorten >=-1.5ex, shorten <=-1.5ex
] (m-1-\x.north west) -- (m-5-\x.south west); 
\draw[transform canvas={xshift=0.7ex}, 
shorten >=-1.5ex, shorten <=-1.5ex
] (m-1-\x.north east) -- (m-5-\x.south east); 
}
\end{scope}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}