怎样才能用 Latex 创建美观的表格？

Question 1

以下是表格的三个版本：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[table,svgnames]{xcolor} % provides the \rowcolors command 
\usepackage{caption} % for improved spacing around the caption

\usepackage{array} % enables >{...} in the coumn specifier section, used in table 2 & 3
\usepackage{booktabs} % for improved spacing around horizontal lines, used in example 3, incompatible with vertical lines, be careful if you want to to combine it with color

\usepackage[column=0]{cellspace} % for adding a small amount of space above and below each cell, only used in table 2
\setlength{\cellspacetoplimit}{2pt}
\setlength{\cellspacebottomlimit}{\cellspacetoplimit}


\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Variable Descriptions}
\label{tab:2}
\centering % used \centering instead of the center environment since the latter adds additional white space
\rowcolors{2}{white}{lightgray} 
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\hline
Variables & Descriptions\\\hline
\textit{ln(wage)} & log of wage\\
\textit{educ} & years of education\\
\textit{black} & 1 if black and 0 if not\\
\textit{hisp} & 1 if hispanic and 0 if not\\
\textit{exper} & years of experience\\
\textit{exper$^{2}$} & years of experience squared\\
\textit{married} & 1 if married and 0 if not\\
\textit{union} & 1 if belongs to a union and 0 if not\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Variable Descriptions}
\label{tab:2}
\centering
\rowcolors{2}{white}{lightgray} 
\begin{tabular}{>{\itshape}0l0l}\hline % used >{\itshape} in order to be able to remove the repeated occurences of \textit in the first column, used l type columns instead of c columns for a cleaner look, added small vertical space above and below the rows with the help of the cellspace package, removed all vertical lines
\textup{Variables}       & Descriptions\\\hline
ln(wage)                 & log of wage\\
educ                     & years of education\\
black                    & 1 if black and 0 if not\\
hisp                     & 1 if hispanic and 0 if not\\
exper                    & years of experience\\
exper\textsuperscript{2} & years of experience squared\\
married                  & 1 if married and 0 if not\\
union                    & 1 if belongs to a union and 0 if not\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Variable Descriptions}
\label{tab:2}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{>{\itshape}ll}
\toprule % replaced all \hline commands with rules from the booktabs package
\textup{Variables}       & Descriptions\\
\midrule
ln(wage)                 & log of wage\\
educ                     & years of education\\
black                    & 1 if black and 0 if not\\
hisp                     & 1 if hispanic and 0 if not\\
exper                    & years of experience\\
exper\textsuperscript{2} & years of experience squared\\
married                  & 1 if married and 0 if not\\
union                    & 1 if belongs to a union and 0 if not\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Answer

以下是表格的三个版本：

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage[table,svgnames]{xcolor} % provides the \rowcolors command 
\usepackage{caption} % for improved spacing around the caption

\usepackage{array} % enables >{...} in the coumn specifier section, used in table 2 & 3
\usepackage{booktabs} % for improved spacing around horizontal lines, used in example 3, incompatible with vertical lines, be careful if you want to to combine it with color

\usepackage[column=0]{cellspace} % for adding a small amount of space above and below each cell, only used in table 2
\setlength{\cellspacetoplimit}{2pt}
\setlength{\cellspacebottomlimit}{\cellspacetoplimit}


\begin{document}
\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Variable Descriptions}
\label{tab:2}
\centering % used \centering instead of the center environment since the latter adds additional white space
\rowcolors{2}{white}{lightgray} 
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|}\hline
Variables & Descriptions\\\hline
\textit{ln(wage)} & log of wage\\
\textit{educ} & years of education\\
\textit{black} & 1 if black and 0 if not\\
\textit{hisp} & 1 if hispanic and 0 if not\\
\textit{exper} & years of experience\\
\textit{exper$^{2}$} & years of experience squared\\
\textit{married} & 1 if married and 0 if not\\
\textit{union} & 1 if belongs to a union and 0 if not\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Variable Descriptions}
\label{tab:2}
\centering
\rowcolors{2}{white}{lightgray} 
\begin{tabular}{>{\itshape}0l0l}\hline % used >{\itshape} in order to be able to remove the repeated occurences of \textit in the first column, used l type columns instead of c columns for a cleaner look, added small vertical space above and below the rows with the help of the cellspace package, removed all vertical lines
\textup{Variables}       & Descriptions\\\hline
ln(wage)                 & log of wage\\
educ                     & years of education\\
black                    & 1 if black and 0 if not\\
hisp                     & 1 if hispanic and 0 if not\\
exper                    & years of experience\\
exper\textsuperscript{2} & years of experience squared\\
married                  & 1 if married and 0 if not\\
union                    & 1 if belongs to a union and 0 if not\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[htbp]
\caption{Variable Descriptions}
\label{tab:2}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{>{\itshape}ll}
\toprule % replaced all \hline commands with rules from the booktabs package
\textup{Variables}       & Descriptions\\
\midrule
ln(wage)                 & log of wage\\
educ                     & years of education\\
black                    & 1 if black and 0 if not\\
hisp                     & 1 if hispanic and 0 if not\\
exper                    & years of experience\\
exper\textsuperscript{2} & years of experience squared\\
married                  & 1 if married and 0 if not\\
union                    & 1 if belongs to a union and 0 if not\\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

Question 2

我将回答你问题的核心：I am wondering how to create tables like this.

我一直都在处理表格，从实验结果到每月预算。对于排序、格式化、检查和简单的数据分析等任务，我都在 Excel 中完成（使用 2013）。经过多次迭代和时间，最终表格最终会出来。

在您的示例中，可以清楚地看到数据来自数据库，将会有所有补丁和所有修复的垂直累积结果、交叉检查一致性等。

LaTeX 是用来发布漂亮的报告的，但这种情况一年也只有几次。只有在非常简单的表格中，数据才可以直接写入 LaTeX。

我的 Excel 到 LaTeX 工作流程分为 3 个步骤：

1 在 Excel 中，使用您需要的样式格式化最终表格。根据需要使用颜色、标尺等。

使用 CTAN 的 Excel2Latex 插件导出表格。它易于安装，并且如广告中所述。

https://ctan.org/tex-archive/support/excel2latex?lang=en

复制到剪贴板并将其粘贴到基本的 LaTeX 文档中。

您需要添加一些基本包（参见我的示例）并运行生成的代码。

您将看到大多数功能（如多行、颜色）以及最重要的内容已成功传递到 LaTeX。如果您对样式中的细节改变了主意，则可以轻松编辑 Excel 表并重新生成 LaTeX 代码。

3 使用 LaTeX 命令进行最后的修饰：字体、拉伸、连字符、符号等。

举个例子，我添加了caption与原始标题相匹配的包，在第一行添加了上标，在第二行添加了下划线，并根据需要添加了小写字母。我arraystretch从 1.3 开始使用这个包来垂直扩展单元格。

在这个特殊情况下，我必须在双灰色行中包含一个 7 点的向下偏移，以防止底部单元格背景覆盖部分单元格内容。在使用彩色单元格时，这种情况很常见。发表评论 [7pt]，看看会发生什么。

当然，如果您只使用一种背景颜色，一切都会看起来不错！但我发现交替行颜色样式非常好，对于宽多列表格来说是必不可少的。如果您只使用黑色和白色，Beamer 演示文稿将注定失败。

\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{book}

\RequirePackage[table]{xcolor}
\RequirePackage{booktabs}
\RequirePackage{multirow}

\RequirePackage{caption}% typesetting of captions
\captionsetup{%
    labelfont={bf}, %Table 1
    textfont={bf}  %caption font
}%

\begin{document}

% Table generated by Excel2LaTeX from sheet 'Sheet1'
\begin{table}[htbp]
    \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3} % expand the rows vertically
    \setlength\belowcaptionskip{8pt}    
    \centering
    \caption{Test--suite based program repair tools for Java.}
    \begin{tabular}{llrrr}
        \toprule
        \multicolumn{1}{c}{\multirow{2}[2]{*}{Repear tool}} & Benchmark used & \multicolumn{1}{r}{\multirow{2}[2]{*}{\# Bugs}} & \multirow{2}[2]{*}{\# Patched\textsuperscript{a}} & \multirow{2}[2]{*}{\# Fixed\textsuperscript{b}} \\
        & in evaluation &       &       &  \\
        \midrule
        \multicolumn{5}{l}{\underline{\emph{Generate--and--validate}}} \\
        \rowcolor[rgb]{ .906,  .902,  .902} ACS [4] & Defects4J & 224   & 23    & 17 \\
        \multirow{2}[0]{*}{ARJA [50]} & Defects4J & 224   & 59    & 18 \\
        & QuixBugs [48] & 40    & 4     & 2 \\
        \rowcolor[rgb]{ .906,  .902,  .902} \multirow{2}[1]{*}{\textsc{CapGen} [42]}  & Defects4J & 224   & 25    & 22 \\[7pt] % shift needed for colored multirows
        \rowcolor[rgb]{ .906,  .902,  .902}     & IntroClassJava & 297   & --    & 25 \\
        \multirow{2}[0]{*}{Cardumen [28]} & Defects4J & 356   & 77    & -- \\
        & QuixBugs [48] & 40    & 5     & 3 \\
        \rowcolor[rgb]{ .906,  .902,  .902} DeepRepair [43] & Defects4J & 374   & 51    & -- \\
        \multirow{2}[0]{*}{\textsc{Elixir} [37]} & Defects4J & 82    & 41    & 26 \\
        & Bugs.jar & 127   & 39    & 22 \\
        \rowcolor[rgb]{ .906,  .902,  .902} GenProg-A & Defects4J & 224   & 36    & -- \\
        HDRepair [18] & Defects4J & 90    & --    & 23 \\
        \rowcolor[rgb]{ .906,  .902,  .902}\textsc{Jaid} [2] & Defects4J & 138   & 31    & 25 \\
        \multirow{3}[0]{*}{jGenProg [27]} & Defects4J & 224   & 29    & -- \\
        & Defects4J [26] & 224   & 27    & 5 \\
        & QuixBugs [48] & 40    & 2     & 0 \\
        \ldots  & \ldots & \ldots    & \ldots    & \ldots \\ % more rows follows
        \bottomrule
        \multicolumn{5}{l}{\footnotesize \textsuperscript{a} As reported last week. \ \textsuperscript{b} Verified by QC. }\\
\end{tabular}%
\label{tab:addlabel}%
\end{table}%

\end{document}

这是最终结果。总共耗时 1-2 小时，主要是数据输入和表格格式化。

作为最后的练习，尝试在截止日期前向老板要求的表格中添加另一列：使用负负的数据Still Missing（在 Excel 表中计算），看看它是如何工作的（以及它花费的时间有多短！）。现实世界的情况。BugsPatchesFixed

Answer