您对这张桌子的更好风格有什么想法吗?

您对这张桌子的更好风格有什么想法吗?

我画了这篇文章中展示的表格,但我不太喜欢这种风格。你有什么更好的设计想法吗,或者看起来还是还可以?

谢谢大家!

表格输出:

有问题的表。

代码:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tabu,booktabs,rotating,multirow}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}[H]
\centering
\caption{Divalent and trivalent metallic cations associations in anionic clays ($^{\star}$monovalent, $^{\star\star}$tetravalent)}
\label{tab:association}
\begin{tabu}{ccccccccccc}
\cmidrule[1pt]{3-11}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{l}{} &
  \multicolumn{9}{c}{\textbf{Divalent cations}} \\ \cline{3-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{l}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Mg} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Mn} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Fe} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Co} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Ni} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Cu} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Zn} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Ca} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Li$^{\star}$} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{\multirow{8}{*}{\begin{sideways}\textbf{Trivalent cations}\end{sideways}}} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Al} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Cr} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Mn} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Fe} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Co} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Ni} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{La} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\multicolumn{1}{|[1pt]c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{Ti$^{\star\star}$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{$\times$} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} &
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{} \\ \cline{2-11} 
\end{tabu}
\end{table}
\end{document}

答案1

我认为,如果 (a) 所有数据列的宽度相同,并且 (b) 间距更近一些,表格看起来会更好。例如,可以通过从 切换到cw类型,并减少 的值来实现tabcolsep,该值是控制插入到每列两侧的空白填充量的参数。

话虽如此,我肯定也会删除几乎所有的\multicolumn{1}{...}{...}包装器。包装器使代码变得非常乏味,也使应用任何更改或调整变得更加困难。

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array}       % for 'w' column type
\usepackage{rotating,multirow}
\newcommand\ts{$\times$} % handy shortcut macro
\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt}        % default: 6pt
\setlength\extrarowheight{1.5pt} % for a more open "look"
\centering
\caption{Divalent and trivalent metallic cations associations in
         anionic clays ($^{\star}$monovalent, $^{\star\star}$tetravalent)}
\label{tab:association}
\begin{tabular}{ *{2}{l|} *{9}{w{c}{4mm}|} }
\multicolumn{2}{l}{} & \multicolumn{9}{c}{\textbf{Divalent cations}} \\ 
\cline{3-11} 
\multicolumn{2}{l|}{} & Mg & Mn & Fe & Co & Ni & Cu & Zn & Ca & Li$^{\star}$ \\ 
\cline{2-11} 
\multirow{8.5}{*}{\begin{sideways}\textbf{Trivalent cations}\end{sideways}} 
 & Al & \ts & & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Cr & & & & & \ts & \ts & \ts & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Mn & & \ts & & & & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Fe & \ts & & \ts & \ts & & & & & \\ 
\cline{2-11} 
 & Co & & & & \ts & \ts & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Ni & & & & & \ts & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & La & & & & & \ts & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Ti$^{\star\star}$ & & & & \ts & & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document}

附录:为了进一步“美化”表格及其相关标题的外观,可以加载包threeparttable并将\caption语句和tabular环境包含在环境中threeparttable。这样,标题的宽度将设置为tabular环境的宽度。此添加以及删除加粗行和列标题以及值的进一步减少\tabcolsep(从 4pt 到 3pt),将导致以下结果:

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array} % for 'w' column type
\usepackage{rotating,multirow}
\usepackage{threeparttable} % for 'threeparttable' env.
\newcommand\ts{$\times$}    % handy shortcut macro
\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\centering
\begin{threeparttable}
\setlength\tabcolsep{3pt}      % default: 6pt
\setlength\extrarowheight{2pt} % for a more open "look"
\caption{Divalent and trivalent metallic cation associations in 
         anionic clays ($^{\star}$mono\-valent, $^{\star\star}$tetravalent)}
\label{tab:association}
\begin{tabular}{ *{2}{l|} *{9}{w{c}{4mm}|} }
\multicolumn{2}{l}{} & \multicolumn{9}{c}{Divalent cations} \\ 
\cline{3-11} 
\multicolumn{2}{l|}{} & Mg & Mn & Fe & Co & Ni & Cu & Zn & Ca & Li$^{\star}$ \\ 
\cline{2-11} 
\multirow{8.5}{*}{\begin{sideways} Trivalent cations \end{sideways}\,} 
 & Al & \ts & & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts & \ts \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Cr & & & & & \ts & \ts & \ts & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Mn & & \ts & & & & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Fe & \ts & & \ts & \ts & & & & & \\ 
\cline{2-11} 
 & Co & & & & \ts & \ts & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Ni & & & & & \ts & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & La & & & & & \ts & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
 & Ti$^{\star\star}$ & & & & \ts & & & & & \\ 
 \cline{2-11} 
\end{tabular}
\end{threeparttable}
\end{table}

\end{document}

答案2

因此,我采取了回答由@leandriis 作为基础。

使用 booktabs,删除了大部分行。我保留了第一行和第一列的两行,以强调第一列与第一行相似。您可以尝试删除它们。此外,还有一个不同的符号,因此amssymb包括。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{booktabs}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{chemmacros}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage[column=0]{cellspace}
\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Mono- to tetravalent  metallic cations associations in anionic clays }
\label{tab:association}
\begin{tabular}{c|*{10}{0c}}
  \toprule
  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{}
  & \ch{Mg^{2+}} &  \ch{Mn^{2+}}& \ch{Fe^{2+}} & \ch{Co^{2+}} & \ch{Ni^{2+}} & \ch{Cu^{2+}} & \ch{Zn^{2+}} & \ch{Ca^{2+}} & \ch{Li^{+}} \\
  \midrule
       \ch{Al^{3+}} & \checkmark     &              & \checkmark     & \checkmark     & \checkmark     & \checkmark     & \checkmark     & \checkmark     & \checkmark     \\ 
       \ch{Cr^{3+}} &              &              &              &              & \checkmark     & \checkmark     & \checkmark     &              &              \\ 
       \ch{Mn^{3+}} &              & \checkmark     &              &              &              &              &              &              &              \\ 
       \ch{Fe^{3+}} & \checkmark     &              & \checkmark     & \checkmark     &              &              &              &              &              \\ 
       \ch{Co^{3+}} &              &              &              & \checkmark     & \checkmark     &              &              &              &              \\ 
       \ch{Ni^{3+}} &              &              &              &              & \checkmark     &              &              &              &              \\ 
       \ch{La^{3+}} &              &              &              &              & \checkmark     &              &              &              &              \\ 
  \ch{Ti^{4+}} &              &              &              & \checkmark     &              &              &              &              &              \\
  \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{document}

截屏

答案3

以下是另一个建议:

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array,rotating,multirow, booktabs}
\usepackage[table, svgnames]{xcolor}
\usepackage{bbding}
\newcommand\xs{\cellcolor{Gainsboro!50!Lavender}\XSolid}
\newcommand{\mc}[1]{\multicolumn{1}{c}{\bfseries#1}}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}
\setlength\tabcolsep{4pt}
\setlength\extrarowheight{6pt}
\setlength{\aboverulesep}{0pt}
\setlength{\belowrulesep}{0pt}
\centering
\caption{Divalent and trivalent metallic cations associations
         in anionic clays ($^{\star}$monovalent, $^{\star\star}$tetravalent)}
\label{tab:association}
\begin{tabular}{ *{2}{ >{\bfseries}l}!{\vrule width 1.2pt}w{c}{5mm} *{8}{|w{c}{5mm}}!{\vrule width 1.2pt}}
\multicolumn{1}{l}{} & \multicolumn{1}{l}{} &
\multicolumn{9}{c}{\textbf{Divalent cations}} \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{} & \mc{Mg} & \mc{Mn} & \mc{Fe} & \mc{Co} & \mc{Ni} & \mc{Cu} & \mc{Zn} & \mc{Ca} & \mc{Li$^{\star}$} \\[1ex]
\cmidrule[1.2pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
\multirow{8.5}{*}{\begin{sideways}\textbf{Trivalent cations}\end{sideways}\enspace}
 & Al & \xs & & \xs & \xs & \xs & \xs & \xs & \xs & \xs \\
\cmidrule[0.4pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
 & Cr & & & & & \xs & \xs & \xs & & \\
\cmidrule[0.4pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
 & Mn & & \xs & & & & & & & \\
\cmidrule[0.4pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
 & Fe & \xs & & \xs & \xs & & & & & \\
\cmidrule[0.4pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
 & Co & & & & \xs & \xs & & & & \\
\cmidrule[0.4pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
 & Ni & & & & & \xs & & & & \\
\cmidrule[0.4pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
 & La & & & & & \xs & & & & \\
\cmidrule[0.4pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
 & Ti$^{\star\star}$ & & & & \xs & & & & & \\[-1.2pt]
\cmidrule[1.2pt](l{-1.2pt}){3-11}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\end{document} 

在此处输入图片描述

答案4

在研究工作或论文中添加微小的细节会分散注意力,甚至可能令人反感:该领域的专家知道关于二价或三价或两者兼有的阳离子(论文审阅者将查看是否我不知道它们是什么意思)。因此,我将省略长标签;如果愿意,您可以重新插入它们。

为了完整性,可以将一些细节添加到标题本身;可选参数\caption只是为了这个:您可以在实际标题中包含信息,而无需将其包含在表格列表中。

在条目周围添加框线同样会分散注意力。行与行之间留出一些额外的空间可以方便跟踪它们。我将所有单元格的宽度设置为 1.5em 的固定宽度,并\Y在输入中使用,以避免代码混乱,这样您就可以非常轻松地目视检查输入。

这些\multicolumn{1}{c|}{...}都是邪恶的!单元格已经声明为c|,那么为什么要覆盖它们只是为了使用相同的对齐方式?

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,caption}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htp]
\centering

\caption
  [Divalent and trivalent metallic cations associations in anionic clays]
  {Divalent and trivalent metallic cations associations in anionic clays; 
   * is monovalent, ** is tetravalent, rows list trivalent
   cations, columns list divalent cations}
\label{tab:association}

% local command for simplifying input and reading
\newcommand{\Y}{$\times$}

\begin{tabular}{@{} w{l}{1.5em} *{9}{w{c}{1.5em}} @{}}
\toprule
     & Mg & Mn & Fe & Co & Ni & Cu & Zn & Ca & Li* \\
\midrule
Al   & \Y &    & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y \\
\addlinespace
Cr   &    &    &    &    & \Y & \Y & \Y &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Mn   &    & \Y &    &    &    &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Fe   & \Y &    & \Y & \Y &    &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Co   &    &    &    & \Y & \Y &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Ni   &    &    &    &    & \Y &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
La   &    &    &    &    & \Y &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Ti** &    &    &    & \Y &    &    &    &    &    \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

\end{table}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

带标签的版本。由于也需要进行一些猜测\multirow,因此我选择将旋转后的标签设置在表格外部,并将其固定在底部,以便于猜测。

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{array,booktabs,caption,rotating}

\begin{document}

\begin{table}[htp]
\centering

\caption
  [Divalent and trivalent metallic cations associations in anionic clays]
  {Divalent and trivalent metallic cations associations in anionic clays; 
   * is monovalent, ** is tetravalent, rows list trivalent
   cations, columns list divalent cations}
\label{tab:association}

% local command for simplifying input and reading
\newcommand{\Y}{$\times$}

\rotatebox{90}{\makebox[11.5\normalbaselineskip]{Trivalent cations}}\quad
\begin{tabular}[b]{@{} w{l}{1.5em} *{9}{w{c}{1.5em}} @{}}
\toprule
     & \multicolumn{9}{c}{Divalent cations} \\
     & Mg & Mn & Fe & Co & Ni & Cu & Zn & Ca & Li* \\
\midrule
Al   & \Y &    & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y & \Y \\
\addlinespace
Cr   &    &    &    &    & \Y & \Y & \Y &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Mn   &    & \Y &    &    &    &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Fe   & \Y &    & \Y & \Y &    &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Co   &    &    &    & \Y & \Y &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Ni   &    &    &    &    & \Y &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
La   &    &    &    &    & \Y &    &    &    &    \\
\addlinespace
Ti** &    &    &    & \Y &    &    &    &    &    \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}

\end{table}
\end{document}

在此处输入图片描述

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