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如何将网格插入到环境“Ans.”中，就像手动完成一样？

tag-icon • tag-icon tikz-pgf environments mdframed
如何将网格插入到环境“Ans.”中，就像手动完成一样？

自从几个月前开始学习 LaTeX 以来，我一直在使用该网站，发现它非常有用，感谢大家。

我的问题是，我大学里的一些教授不喜欢打字作业，因为似乎有些学生从网上复制粘贴答案，而我们被要求手工解决问题。现在，我仍然想将问题陈述保存在乳胶中，然后打印出来并手工完成，从那时起我就一直这样做，但发现没有网格太乱了。

我希望文件看起来像图中那样，但是我通过将文档导出为 PDF 并使用一些“设计软件”来绘制网格来实现这一点，而在作业的每一页上都这样做太耗时了（通常长达 8 页）。 在此处输入图片描述 我将给你留下一个源代码示例：

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage{comment} % enables the use of multi-line comments (\ifx \fi) 

\usepackage{fullpage} % changes the margin
\usepackage[a4paper, total={7in, 10in}]{geometry}
\usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsthm}  % assumes amsmath package installed
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
    \usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc,positioning}

    \tikzset{
        block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
            minimum height=1cm,
            minimum width=1.5cm},
        input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
        output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=4cm},
        arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
        pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
        sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
    }
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{mdframed}
\usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage{hyperref}
    
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\thesection.\alph{subsection}}

\newenvironment{problem}[2][Problem]
    { \begin{mdframed} \textbf{#1 #2} \\}
    {  \end{mdframed}}

% Define solution environment
\newenvironment{solution}
    {\textbf{\textit{Ans.\\ \\ \\}}}
    {}

\renewcommand{\qed}{\quad\qedsymbol}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%Header-Make sure you update this information!!!!
\noindent
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\large\textbf{Homework - \#4} \hfill \textbf{Leonardo Sánchez}   \\
Calculus 1 \hfill Civil \& Electromechanical Engineering \\
Professor Fang Jung Shiou \hfill Due date: $30^{th}$ March, 2020\\
Teacher Assistant: Paulo C. C. Galeano \\
\noindent\rule{7in}{2.8pt}
%Problem 1%
\begin{problem}{1 - (Section 11.3 Exs. 17 \& 21 - Page 726 - Stewart $8^{th}$ ed.)}
    Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent.\\
    a) $$\sum_{n=1}^\infty \cfrac{1}{n^2 + 4}.$$
    b) $$\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\cfrac{1}{n \ln n}.$$
\end{problem}
\begin{solution}
    \pagebreak    
\end{solution}
\end{document}

我读到环境不是那样工作的，也不可能在其中嵌套一些东西，所以如果我的问题表述得不好，有人可以指出我实现我所问问题的正确方法是什么吗？

提前致谢！

答案1

据我了解，您希望打印所有问题的网格，这样solution环境就是多余的，相反，您可以让problem环境自动添加网格。使用以下方法绘制网格很容易：蒂克兹，因此主要问题是知道网格应该有多大，或者说，知道页面底部的位置。幸运的是，tikzpage节点包定义了一个current page text area节点，因此足以从当前位置到绘制一个网格(current page text area.south east)。这样做的结果是：

在此处输入图片描述

需要一些额外的技巧来确保网格中只打印完整的方块，因为我认为在网格的右侧和底部有“半方块”看起来相当普通。为此，我将网格中的方块设为 20pt x 20pt，然后将坐标四舍五入为 20 的倍数。我本来希望以毫米为单位给出网格大小，但这很麻烦。

除了添加网格之外，我还添加了一个problem计数器来自动对问题进行编号。其次，我建议使用环境，而不是手动输入 等——a)我已经使用了b)enumerate\setlist枚举项包，这样你就可以在 OP 中获得计数器。最后，我不会$$...$$在问题中使用方程式，而是使用$\displaymath ...$——请参阅为什么 \[ ... \] 比 $$ ... $$ 更可取？

以下是更新后的代码：

\documentclass[a4paper, 11pt]{article}
\usepackage{comment} % enables the use of multi-line comments (\ifx \fi)

\usepackage{fullpage} % changes the margin
\usepackage[a4paper, total={7in, 10in}]{geometry}
\usepackage[fleqn]{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb,amsthm}  % assumes amsmath package installed
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}
\newtheorem{corollary}{Corollary}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{tikz}
    \usetikzlibrary{shapes,arrows}
    \usetikzlibrary{arrows,calc,positioning}

    \tikzset{
        block/.style = {draw, rectangle,
            minimum height=1cm,
            minimum width=1.5cm},
        input/.style = {coordinate,node distance=1cm},
        output/.style = {coordinate,node distance=4cm},
        arrow/.style={draw, -latex,node distance=2cm},
        pinstyle/.style = {pin edge={latex-, black,node distance=2cm}},
        sum/.style = {draw, circle, node distance=1cm},
    }
\usepackage{tikzpagenodes}
\usepackage{xcolor}
\usepackage{mdframed}
\usepackage[shortlabels]{enumitem}
\usepackage{indentfirst}
\usepackage{hyperref}

\renewcommand{\thesubsection}{\thesection.\alph{subsection}}

\newcounter{problem}
\newenvironment{problem}[2][Problem]
  { \refstepcounter{problem}%
    \begin{mdframed}%
      % the \detokenize checks to see if #2 is empty in which case
      % nothing is printed
      \textbf{#1 \theproblem\if\relax\detokenize{#2}\relax\else~-- (#2)\fi} \\
  }
  { \end{mdframed}%
    \textbf{\textit{Ans.}}\newline%
    \begin{tikzpicture}[remember picture, overlay]
      % some extra trickery to ensure that the grid only has whole squares
      \draw[step=20pt, gray!40, thin]
        let \p1=(current page text area.south east),
            \n1={20*int(\x1/20)},
            \n2={20*int(\y1/20)}
        in (0,0) grid (\n1,\n2);
    \end{tikzpicture}%
    \pagebreak%
  }

\usepackage{enumitem}
\setlist[enumerate]{label=\alph*)}

\renewcommand{\qed}{\quad\qedsymbol}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{document}
%Header-Make sure you update this information!!!!
\noindent
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\large\textbf{Homework - \#4} \hfill \textbf{Leonardo Sánchez}   \\
Calculus 1 \hfill Civil \& Electromechanical Engineering \\
Professor Fang Jung Shiou \hfill Due date: $30^{th}$ March, 2020\\
Teacher Assistant: Paulo C. C. Galeano \\
\noindent\rule{7in}{2.8pt}
%Problem 1%
\begin{problem}{Section 11.3 Exs. 17 \& 21 - Page 726 - Stewart $8^{th}$ ed.}
    Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent.
    \begin{enumerate}
      \item $\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \cfrac{1}{n^2 + 4}$.
      \item $\displaystyle \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\cfrac{1}{n \ln n}$.
    \end{enumerate}
\end{problem}

%Problem 2%
\begin{problem}{}
    Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent.
    \begin{enumerate}
      \item $\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \cfrac{1}{n^2 + 4}$.
      \item $\displaystyle \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\cfrac{1}{n \ln n}$.
    \end{enumerate}
\end{problem}

%Problem 3%
\begin{problem}{Section 11.3 Exs. 17 \& 21 - Page 726 - Stewart $8^{th}$ ed.}
    Determine whether the series is convergent or divergent.
    \begin{enumerate}
      \item $\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^\infty \cfrac{1}{n^2 + 4}$.
      \item $\displaystyle \sum_{n=2}^{\infty}\cfrac{1}{n \ln n}$.
    \end{enumerate}
\end{problem}

\end{document}

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