我正在尝试制作一个包含我所有练习的文件，但遇到了一些行数的证明问题。我使用的是 MikTex 和 TexMaker (5.0.3)。这是我的代码：
%mathématiques - fichier numérique de tous mes exercices
%----------------------------------------------------------------
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel} %pour le symbole n°
\frenchbsetup{StandardLists=true} % pour les listes avec \enumitem : à inclure si on utilise
\usepackage{enumitem}
% spécification des marges, taille papier
%\usepackage[a4paper]{geometry}
%\geometry{hscale=0.85,vscale=0.85,centering}
%\usepackage{fullpage} % une autre solution, pas testée
\usepackage{fancyhdr}
\pagestyle{fancy}
\renewcommand{\headrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyhead[C]{}
\fancyhead[L]{}
\fancyhead[R]{}
\renewcommand{\footrulewidth}{0pt}
\fancyfoot[C]{}
\fancyfoot[L]{}
\fancyfoot[R]{\raggedright\mbox{\frakfamily\fraklines\yinipar{S}}}
\usepackage[left=2cm,right=1cm,top=1cm,bottom=2.5cm]{geometry}
% fin de la définition des marges
\usepackage{frcursive}
\usepackage{yfonts}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{tikz}
% le package qui pemet de définir des unités et leur affichage
\usepackage{siunitx} % Alignement des valeurs etc.
\sisetup{
round-mode = places, % Rounds numbers
round-precision = 2, % to 2 places
}
\usepackage{xcolor} % pour les couleurs sur les règles graduées par exemple
\definecolor{shamrockgreen}{rgb}{0.0, 0.62, 0.38}
\definecolor{rose}{rgb}{1.0, 0.0, 0.5}
\definecolor{richlavender}{rgb}{0.67, 0.38, 0.8}
\definecolor{tangelo}{rgb}{0.98, 0.3, 0.0}
%----------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
\noindent MATH\'EMATIQUES
\newline
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Un exemple de repère:\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,0) node[below left]{$O$};
\draw[->] (-0.4,0) -- (1,0);
\draw[dashed] (-1.1,0) -- (-0.4,0);
\draw (1,0) node[below]{$x$};
\draw[->] (0,-0.4) -- (0,1);
\draw[dashed] (0,-0.8)-- (0,-0.4);
\draw (0,1) node[left]{$y$};
\draw [dashed] (1,0) -- (2.4,0);
\draw [dashed] (0,1) -- (0,2.4);
\draw [dashed] (2,2) -- (2,0) node[below] {$2$};
\draw [dashed] (2,2) -- (0,2) node[left] {$2$};
\fill [red] (2,2) node[above=2mm,right]{$\alpha(2,2)$} ;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
%les exercices
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 13 p29: placer les points dans le repère\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw (0,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,0) node[below left]{$O$};
\draw[->] (-4,0) -- (0,0) -- (5,0);
\draw (1,0) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (1,0) node [below]{$1$};
\draw[->] (0,-4.5) --(0,0) -- (0,2);
\draw (0,1) node {$\bullet$};
\draw (0,1) node[left]{$1$};
%le point A(-3,-4)
\draw [dashed] (-3,-4) -- (-3,0) node[above] {$-3$};
\draw [dashed] (-3,-4) -- (0,-4) node[right] {$-4$};
\draw (-3,-4) node[below left]{$A(-3,-4)$};
\fill[green] (-3,-4) node{$\bullet$};
%le point B(4,-2)
\draw [dashed] (4,-2) -- (4,0) node[above] {$4$};
\draw [dashed] (4,-2) -- (0,-2) node[left] {$-2$};
\draw (4,-2) node[below right]{$B(4,-2)$};
\fill[orange] (4,-2) node{$\bullet$};
%le point C(3,-2)
\draw [dashed] (3,-2) -- (3,0) node[above] {$3$};
\draw [dashed] (3,-2) -- (0,-2) node[left] {$-2$};
\draw (3,-2) node[above left]{$C(3,-2)$};
\fill[cyan] (3,-2) node{$\bullet$};
%le point D(2,1)
\draw [dashed] (2,1) -- (2,0) node[below] {$2$};
\draw [dashed] (2,1) -- (0,1) node[left] {$1$};
\draw (2,1) node[above right]{$D(2,1)$};
\fill[blue] (2,1) node{$\bullet$};
%le point E(-2,-3)
\draw [dashed] (-2,-3) -- (-2,0) node[above] {$-2$};
\draw [dashed] (-2,-3) -- (0,-3) node[right] {$-3$};
\draw (-2,-3) node[below]{$E(-2,-3)$};
\fill[red] (-2,-3) node{$\bullet$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 7 p28: placer les points sur la droite\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=4]
\draw[->] [ultra thick] (-6.4,0) -- (-3.4,0);
\draw[step=0.1][very thin, gray] (-6.52,-0.24) grid (-3.18,0.24);
\draw (-5,0) node [above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-5,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-4.5,0) node [above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-4.5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4.5,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-4,0) node[above=1.2mm,fill=white]{$-4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4,0) node {$|$};
%placement d'un tiret à l'abscisse -4.5
%\node at (-4.5,0) {$|$};
%le point A(-6,0)
\draw (-6,0) node[above=5pt,fill=white]{$A(-6)$};
\fill[orange] (-6,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point B(-5.6,0)
\draw (-5.6,0) node[below=1.2mm,fill=white]{$B(-5.6)$};
\fill[blue] (-5.6,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point C(-4.8,0)
\draw (-4.8,0) node[below=1.3mm,fill=white]{$C(-4.8)$};
\fill[red] (-4.8,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point D(-3.8,0)
\draw (-3.8,0) node[below=3pt,fill=white]{$D(-3.8)$};
\fill[green] (-3.8,0) node{$\bullet$};
%le point E(-3.6,0)
\draw (-3.6,0) node[above=5pt,fill=white]{$E(-3.6)$};
\fill[cyan] (-3.6,0) node{$\bullet$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\newpage
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 9 p176:\end{cursive}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=1.5]
\draw[->] [thick] (-5.5,0) -- (3.5,0);
\draw (-5,0) node [below=5pt]{$-5\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-4,0) node [below=5pt]{$-4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-3,0) node [below=5pt]{$-3\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-2,0) node [below=5pt]{$-2\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-1,0) node [below=5pt]{$-1\phantom{-}$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt, red]{$0$};
\node at (0,0) {$|$};
\draw (1,0) node [below=5pt]{$1$};
\draw (2,0) node [below=5pt]{$2$};
\node at (2,0) {$|$};
\draw (3,0) node [below=5pt]{$3$};
\node at (3,0) {$|$};
%le point F(-5,0)
\draw (-5,0) node[above=5pt, rose]{$F$};
\fill[rose] (-5,0) node{$\times$};
%le point G(-4,0)
\draw (-4,0) node[above=5pt, shamrockgreen]{$G$};
\fill[shamrockgreen] (-4,0) node{$\times$};
%le point O(-3,0)
\draw (-3,0) node[above=5pt, richlavender]{$O$};
\fill[richlavender] (-3,0) node{$\times$};
%le point I(-2,0)
\draw (-2,0) node[above=5pt, red]{$I$};
\fill[red] (-2,0) node{$\times$};
%le point M(-1,0)
\draw (-1,0) node[above=5pt, tangelo]{$M$};
\fill[tangelo] (-1,0) node{$\times$};
%le point S(1,0)
\draw (1,0) node[above=5pt, blue]{$S$};
\fill[blue] (1,0) node{$\times$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item $OF = IG = OM = MS = 2$
\item $\begin{aligned}[t]
&OI &=1 \\
&OM &=2 \\
&GS &=5 \\
&MG &=3
\end{aligned}$
\item calcul des distances $GS$ et $MF$
\newline
$OM = MS$ donc $GS = GM + OM = GM + MS$
\newline
$OM = OF$ donc $MF = MO + OF = 2.MO$
\end{enumerate}
\vspace{1cm}
\noindent\begin{cursive}Exercice \no 12 p29:\end{cursive}
\begin{enumerate}[label=\alph*)]
\item les abscisses des points sont en bleu:
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=15]
\draw[->] [thick](-0.68,0) -- (0.13,0);
\draw[step=0.01][very thin, gray] (-0.68,-0.06) grid (0.13,0.06);
%le point M
\draw (-0.6,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$M$};
\draw (-0.6,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.6,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,6\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.5,0) node {$|$};
%le point N
\draw (-0.4,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$N$};
\draw (-0.4,0) node [below=5pt]{$-0,4\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.4,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.3,0) node [below=5pt]{$-0,3\phantom{-}$};
\draw (-0.3,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.2,0) node {$|$};
%le point 0
\draw (-0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$O$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,1\phantom{-}$};
\draw (0,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt]{$0$};
%le point P
\draw (0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$P$};
\draw (0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$0,1$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\item les points S et T :
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=15]
\draw[->] [thick](-0.22,0) -- (0.78,0);
\draw[step=0.01][very thin, gray] (-0.22,-0.06) grid (0.78,0.06);
\draw (-0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$O$};
\draw (-0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0,0) node [below=5pt]{$0$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$P$};
\draw (0.1,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.1,0) node [below=5pt]{$0,1$};
%le point T
\draw (-0.16,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$T$};
\draw (-0.16,0) node {$|$};
\draw (-0.16,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$-0,16\phantom{-}$};
%le point S
\draw (0.7,0) node [above=5pt, red,fill=white]{$S$};
\draw (0.7,0) node {$|$};
\draw (0.7,0) node [below=5pt, blue,fill=white]{$0,7$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{enumerate}
\newpage
%exemples de tableau
\noindent\begin{cursive}Des tableaux:\end{cursive}
\begin{table}[h!]
\begin{center}
\label{tab:table1}
\begin{tabular}{l|c|r} % Alignements: left, center, right
\textbf{Val 1} & \textbf{Val 2} & \textbf{Val 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Valeurs basiques}
\vspace{1cm}
\label{tab:table2}
\begin{tabular}{l|S|r} % c devient S ==> unitsx
\textbf{Val 1} & \textbf{Val 2} & \textbf{Val 3}\\
$\alpha$ & $\beta$ & $\gamma$ \\
\hline
1 & 1110.1 & a\\
2 & 10.1 & b\\
3 & 23.113231 & c\\
\end{tabular}
\caption{Valeurs alignées et arrondies}
\end{center}
\end{table}
%exemples d'équation
\noindent\begin{cursive}Des équations:\end{cursive}
\begin{gather*}
2x - 5y = 8 \\
3x^2 + 9y = 3a + c
\end{gather*}
\begin{align*}
2x - 5y &= 8 \\
3x + 9y &= -12
\end{align*}
\begin{align*}
x&=y & w&=z & a&=b+c\\
2x&=-y & 3w&=\frac{1}{2}z & a&=b\\
-4 + 5x&=2+y & w+2&=-1+w & ab&=cb
\end{align*}
\end{document}
这是我得到的结果：
数学下一行应该垂直对齐，但即使我切换了，第二行上还是有一个小缩进\noindent。此外，\vspace无法理解（我将其删除并放回原位），而我用\newline:执行了相反的操作\vspace，却毫无用处。
我怎样才能对齐这些线条？如果问题出在 Denis 建议的字体选择上，我是否必须将所有地方都替换为相同的字体？
谢谢你的帮助。
答案1
在下面的例子中，我使用了\setlength{parindent}来全局删除缩进。这样就不需要\noindent一遍又一遍地重复了。另外，我\newline \vspace{1cm}用一个简单的空行替换了 。通过这些更改，您将获得以下输出：
\documentclass[11pt,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[french]{babel} %pour le symbole n°
\frenchbsetup{StandardLists=true} % pour les listes avec \enumitem : à inclure si on utilise
\usepackage{frcursive}
\usepackage{yfonts}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\setlength{\parindent}{0pt}
%----------------------------------------------------------%
\begin{document}
MATH\'EMATIQUES
\begin{cursive}Un exemple de repère:\end{cursive}
\end{document}