我正在使用 APA 样式的 BibLaTeX 排版我的文档，并且需要引用法律材料。
使用内置的法律支持biblatex-apa没有给出预期的结果，所以我必须自定义书目的打印方式。
为此，我使用misc条目类型添加法律材料，并将法律材料的名称添加到字段title，如下所示：
@misc{k1,
title = {Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union}
}
结果如下：
有没有办法可以防止 (nd) 出现在参考书目中？
另外，有没有办法cite引用并打印自定义字段，比如shorttitle，而不是title？
例如：
It was said in \cite{k1} that ...
将输出：
It was said in CFREU that ...
编辑：这似乎\citefield{k1}{shorttitle}是解决奖励问题的办法。
平均能量损失
\RequirePackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@misc{k1,
title = {Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union}
}
\end{filecontents*}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % output font encoding
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % input font encoding
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[style=apa, backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\begin{document}
Hello, world! \nocite{k1}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
答案1
您可以指示biber在条目类型的不同字段中查找“年份”，并将其留空。在这里，我指示它在\labelin中查找@misc，并将其留空，因此当它查找年份时，它找不到任何内容。因此，它也不会打印任何内容，因为“nd”输出未编入。请注意，这将适用于参考书目中的\label所有条目。@misc
\RequirePackage{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@misc{k1,
label = {} % place for biber to look for the "new year"
title = {Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union}
}
\end{filecontents*}
\documentclass[12pt,a4paper]{report}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} % output font encoding
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} % input font encoding
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[style=apa, backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\DeclareLabeldate[misc]{%
\field{label}
} % declaration of the "new year type" for biber to look for
\begin{document}
Hello, world! \cite{k1}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
答案2
有关法律引证的一般建议，请参阅对于法律以外的学科，使用 Biblatex/Biber 处理法律资源的最佳做法是什么？。
新版本对biblatex-apa法律引用有一定的支持，特别是有@legal、、、、@constitution等类型@jurisdiction，@legmaterial你@legadminmaterial可以在biblatex-apa-test-references.bib。不过，其中大多数仍显示日期，而@constitution则由于其他原因无法正常使用。
即使这些条目类型没有提供比@misc现在更好的结果，您可能仍需要考虑使用这些类型，因为它们允许更好地控制修改，并且更具语义通常是一件好事。
如果你需要完全控制参考书目和引文输出，你可能会对“自由形式”引文感兴趣。请参阅如何设置 BibLaTeX 以用于“自由格式”引用。
具体来说biblatex-apa，我做了一些东西https://github.com/plk/biblatex/issues/884不久前。
使用当前biblatex-apa版本（v9.14），您可以执行以下操作。
@freeform带有三个字段：cite、firstcite和bibliography，您可以使用它们来排版引用（如果需要，为第一次引用）和参考书目中的任意内容。
\documentclass[american]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\begin{filecontents}{freeform-apa.dbx}
\ProvidesFile{freeform-apa.dbx}[2020/10/23 v0.1 freeform for biblatex-apa v9.14 (2020/08/28)]
\DeclareDatamodelEntrytypes{
presentation,
constitution,
legmaterial,
legadminmaterial,
nameonly,
freeform}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list, datatype=name]{
groupauthor,
narrator,
execproducer,
execdirector,
with}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=list, datatype=literal]{
citation}
\DeclareDatamodelFields[type=field, datatype=literal]{
bibliography,
cite,
firstcite,
source,
article,
section,
amendment,
appentry}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields{
with,
groupauthor,
narrator,
execproducer,
execdirector}
% APA Court cases
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[jurisdiction]{
organization
citation}
% Legislative material
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[legmaterial]{
source}
% Admin and Executive material
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[legadminmaterial]{
citation,
source}
% Constitution/charters
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[constitution]{
article,
section,
amendment}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[software]{
appentry}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[report]{
addendum,
author,
authortype,
chapter,
doi,
eprint,
eprintclass,
eprinttype,
institution,
isrn,
language,
location,
note,
number,
pages,
pagetotal,
pubstate,
subtitle,
title,
titleaddon,
type,
version}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[presentation]{
addendum,
author,
booksubtitle,
booktitle,
booktitleaddon,
chapter,
doi,
editor,
editortype,
eprint,
eprintclass,
eprinttype,
eventday,
eventendday,
eventendhour,
eventendminute,
eventendmonth,
eventendseason,
eventendsecond,
eventendtimezone,
eventendyear,
eventhour,
eventminute,
eventmonth,
eventseason,
eventsecond,
eventtimezone,
eventyear,
eventtitle,
eventtitleaddon,
isbn,
language,
location,
mainsubtitle,
maintitle,
maintitleaddon,
note,
number,
organization,
pages,
part,
publisher,
pubstate,
series,
subtitle,
title,
titleaddon,
venue,
volume,
volumes}
\DeclareDatamodelEntryfields[freeform]{
bibliography,
cite,
firstcite,
sortkey}
\DeclareDatamodelConstraints[book,inbook,article,report]{
\constraint[type=mandatory]{
\constraintfieldsor{
\constraintfield{author}
\constraintfield{groupauthor}
}
\constraintfield{title}
}
}
\end{filecontents}
\usepackage[backend=biber, style=apa, datamodel=freeform-apa]{biblatex}
\DeclareBibliographyDriver{freeform}{%
\usebibmacro{bibindex}%
\usebibmacro{begentry}%
\printfield{bibliography}%
\setunit{\addspace}\newblock
\iftoggle{bbx:related}
{\usebibmacro{related:init}%
\usebibmacro{related}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{pageref}%
\usebibmacro{annotation}%
\usebibmacro{finentry}}
\letbibmacro{cite:standard}{cite}
\letbibmacro{textcite:standard}{textcite}
\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
\ifentrytype{freeform}
{\ifboolexpr{ not test {\ifciteseen}
and not test {\iffieldundef{firstcite}}}
{\printfield{firstcite}}
{\printfield{cite}}%
\setunit{\multicitedelim}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:standard}}}
\renewbibmacro*{textcite}{%
\ifentrytype{freeform}
{\ifboolexpr{ not test {\ifciteseen}
and not test {\iffieldundef{firstcite}}}
{\printfield{firstcite}}
{\printfield{cite}}}
{\usebibmacro{textcite:standard}}}
\DeclareSourcemap{
\maps[datatype=bibtex,overwrite=false]{
\map{
\pertype{freeform}
\step[fieldsource=bibliography, final]
\step[fieldset=sortkey, origfieldval]
\step[fieldset=cite, origfieldval]
}
}
}
\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@freeform{cfr,
bibliography = {Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union},
}
@freeform{foo,
cite = {Foo},
bibliography = {Foobar},
}
@freeform{goo,
firstcite = {Gfoo},
cite = {Goo},
bibliography = {Goobar},
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\addbibresource{biblatex-examples.bib}
\begin{document}
\autocite{sigfridsson,cfr,foo}
\autocite{goo}
\autocite{goo}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
