绘制复杂积分轮廓

Question

有人可以帮我画出这个轮廓吗

除了没有 O、O1 和 O2 线。不幸的是，我无法访问源 tex，而且我对 tikz 不太熟悉。

Answer 1

这个怎么样？几个圆、椭圆、剪辑，你就有了。我（几乎）用参数做了所有事情，所以你可以根据需要更改尺寸。

但是，它可能不是您的第一幅 tikz 绘图的最佳示例。

\documentclass [tikz, border=2mm]{standalone}
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.markings}

\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[line cap=round,line join=round]
  % Arrow for the ellipse
  \tikzstyle{arrowe}=[red, decoration={markings,mark=at position 0.45 with {\arrow[scale=1.5,>=stealth]{<}}},postaction={decorate}]
  % Arros for the arc
  \tikzstyle{arrowb}=[red, decoration={markings,mark=at position 0.75 with {\arrow[scale=1.5,>=stealth]{>}}},postaction={decorate}]
  % parameters
  \def\a {0.6}  % ellipse x-axis
  \def\b {1}    % ellipse y-axis
  \def\x {6}    % x distance between ellipses
  \def\y {4}    % y distance between ellipses
  \def\w {1.75} % width (at the middle section)
  \def\xt{0.15} % x of tanget point
  \pgfmathsetmacro\yt{\b/\a*sqrt(\a*\a-\xt*\xt)} % y of tangent point
  \pgfmathsetmacro\m {(\a*\a*\yt)/(\b*\b*\xt)}   % normal slope
  \pgfmathsetmacro\yc{\y+\b+\yt+\m*(\x-\xt)}     % arc center
  \pgfmathsetmacro\r {sqrt((\x-\xt)*(\x-\xt)+(\y+\yt-\yc)*(\y+\yt-\yc))} % arc radius
  \pgfmathsetmacro\h {\yc-\r} % height (at the middle section)
  \pgfmathsetmacro\aa{\x-\w}  % semiellipse x-axis
  \pgfmathsetmacro\bb{\y-\b}  % semiellipse y-axis
  % red lines parameters
  \def\rl{4}   % little arc radius
  \def\rb{18}  % big arc radius
  \def\s {0.5} % distance red and black semiellipses
  \pgfmathsetmacro\yl{sqrt(\rl*\rl-\w*\w)} % little arc center
  \pgfmathsetmacro\xb{sqrt(\rb*\rb-\h*\h)} % big arc center
  \pgfmathsetmacro\ar{\x-\w+\s}            % red semiellipse x-axis
  
  % red lines (except for semiellipse)
  \begin{scope}
    \clip (-\x,-\y) rectangle (\x,0);
    \draw[arrowb] (0,\yl) circle (\rl cm);
  \end{scope}
  \begin{scope}
    \clip (0,-\h) rectangle (\x,\h);
    \draw[arrowb](-\xb,0) circle (\rb cm);
  \end{scope}
  
  % ellipses
  \foreach\i/\j in {-\x/-\y, -\x/\y, \x/-\y, \x/\y}
  {
    \draw (\i,\j) ellipse (\a cm and \b cm);
  }
  
  % arcs and semiellipses
  \begin{scope}
    \clip (\x-\xt,\y+\yt)   -- (-\x+\xt,\y+\yt) -- (-\x,\y-\b) -- (-\x,-\y+\b) --
          (-\x+\xt,-\y-\yt) -- (\x-\xt,-\y-\yt) -- (\x,-\y+\b) -- (\x,\y-\b)   -- cycle;
    \draw[arrowe] (\x,0) ellipse (\ar cm and \bb cm); % red semiellipse
    \draw (-\x,0) ellipse (\aa cm and \bb cm);
    \draw ( \x,0) ellipse (\aa cm and \bb cm);
    \draw (0, \yc) circle (\r cm);
    \draw (0,-\yc) circle (\r cm);
  \end{scope}
  
  % labels
  \node at (0,\h)  [above] {$i\pi$};
  \node at (0,-\h) [below] {$-i\pi\phantom{-}$};
  \node[red] at (0  ,-0.1) {$A$};
  \node[red] at (1.6, 1.5) {$B$};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

使用此 tikz 代码您可以获得以下轮廓。