答案1
作为起点:
\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[american]{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[ammeter] ++ (1.5,0)
to[generic, l=R] ++ (2.5,0)
(0,0) to[short,-*] ++ (0.0,1.5) coordinate (v)
to[voltmeter,-*] ++ (4,0)
(v) to[short] ++ (0,1.5)
to[V=E, invert] ++ (4,0)
to[short,-*] ++ (0,-1.5)
-- ++ (0,-1.5);
\end{circuitikz}
\end{document}
编辑: 仪器增加了符号、电压源箭头……
\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[american]{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to [rmeter,t=A,v={~}] ++ (2,0)
to [generic=R] ++ (2,0)
(0,0) to [short,-*] ++ (0.0,1.5) coordinate (v)
to [rmeter,-*,t=V,v={~}] ++ (4,0)
(v) to [short] ++ (0,1.5)
to [V=E, name=Ve] ++ (4,0)
to [short,-*] ++ (0,-1.5)
-- ++ (0,-1.5);
\draw[->] (Ve.sw) -- (Ve.ne);
\end{circuitikz}
\end{document}
附录: 在电气工程中,这种 Shem 通常被画成使得公共(地)电位位于 Shem 的底部:
\documentclass[margin=3mm]{standalone}
\usepackage[american]{circuitikz}
\begin{document}
\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to [V=$E$, invert] ++(0,4)
to [short,-*] ++ (1.5,0) coordinate (v)
-- ++ (0,-1) to [rmeterwa, t=V,v={~}] ++ (0,-2) % that +/- signs are
% closed to V-meter
to [short,-*] ++ (0,-1)
(v) to [short] ++ (1.5,0)
to [generic, a=R] ++ (0,-2)
to [rmeterwa,t=A,v={~}] ++ (0,-2)
-- (0,0)
;
\end{circuitikz}
\end{document}