我尝试首先引入简写 \cite、\parencite 等和 \textcite，但之后只需将其用于所有后续引用。对于 \parencite 等，我遵循 moewe 的解决方案bibtex 中引用的自定义缩写 对于 \textcite，我遵循 gusbrs 的回答Biblatex：如何使用 /textcite 和速记获取括号中的年份在第一个 \textcite 中使用 intro 的简写。我还使用了 moewe 的 ext-authoryear-comp 样式。当我使用 \textcite 处理多个 bib 条目时，这会导致错误：
! Package biblatex Error: Unbalanced parentheses or brackets.
梅威瑟：
\documentclass[american]{article}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber,style=ext-authoryear-comp,citetracker=true]{biblatex}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{citedas = {hereafter}}
\begin{filecontents*}[overwrite]{\jobname.bib}
@article{jd14,
author = {Doe, J.},
title = {Some Title},
journal = {Some Journal},
year = {2014},
shorthand = {JD14},
}
@book{jd13,
author = {Smith, J.},
title = {Pro Contractiōnibus},
year = {2013},
shorthand = {JD13},
}
@article{jd12,
author = {Bar, F.},
title = {No Shorthand},
journal = {Yet Another Journal},
year = {2012},
}
@book{jd11,
author = {Nominatus, N.},
title={Adversus Contractiōnēs},
year={2011},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
% shorthandintro with first \cite, \parencite, etc, shorthand only after
\newbibmacro*{longcite}{%
\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{\addspace}}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{\nameyeardelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
\ifciteseen
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\usebibmacro{longcite}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}
{\usebibmacro{longcite}
\usebibmacro{shorthandintro}}}
% shorthandintro with first \textcite, etc, shorthand only after
\renewbibmacro*{textcite}{%
\ifnameundef{labelname}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}\bibopenparen}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labelyear+extrayear}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nameyeardelim}\bibopenparen}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{citeyear}}
{\ifciteseen
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nameyeardelim}\bibopenparen}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\iffieldundef{labelyear}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}
\setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{shorthandintro}
{\printtext{\bibstring{citedas}}}
{\printtext{\printfield{shorthandintro}}}
\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:labelyear+extrayear}
\setunit{\addcomma\addspace}%
\iffieldundef{shorthandintro}
{\printtext{\bibstring{citedas}}}
{\printtext{\printfield{shorthandintro}}}
\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}}}}
\begin{document}
\textcite{jd14} argued in favor of shorthands on the basis of \citetitle{jd13} \parencite{jd13}.
\textcite{jd11} and \textcite{jd12} %but alas \textcite{jd11,jd12} doesn't work
forcefully attacked \cite[17-18]{jd14} and \cite[19-20]{jd13}.
\printbibliography
\end{document}
这是我想要实现的输出：
在 MWE 中我们可以看到，如果\textcite{jd11,jd12}使用 而不是\textcite{jd11} and \textcite{jd12}，则会出现上面引用的错误。
gusbrs 确实建议查看 moewe 的答案，但在 moewe 编辑之前，该解决方案不会在第一次引用后打印速记。
在 moewe 修改该解决方案后，如果将上面的 gusbrs 代码替换为
\newbibmacro*{shorthandintro:noparen}{%
\iffieldundef{shorthandintro}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{}
{\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\bibstring{citedas}\space
\printfield{shorthand}}}
{\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{shorthandintro}}}
\newbibmacro*{cite:normal}{%
\ifthenelse{\ifnameundef{labelname}\OR\iffieldundef{labelyear}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}}}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{\printdelim{nameyeardelim}}}%
\printtext{\bibopenparen}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}
\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
\ifciteseen
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\usebibmacro{cite:normal}%
\printtext{\bibcloseparen}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:normal}%
\usebibmacro{shorthandintro:noparen}%
\printtext{\bibcloseparen}}}
\textcite{jd11,jd12}按预期工作，但初始\textcite{jd14}不再产生速记介绍。
答案1
答案Biblatex：如何使用 /textcite 和速记获取括号中的年份authoryear是针对该问题中使用的风格编写的。authoryear-comp比 复杂得多，authoryear并ext-authoryear-comp在 之上添加了更多层authoryear-comp。因此，您真的不能指望这里的代码在不进行修改的情况下就能正常工作。
这里尝试使用 来实现接近所需输出的功能ext-authoryear-comp。大部分代码已经存在，但我们需要稍微改变一下逻辑才能达到现在的效果。
\documentclass[british,a4paper]{article}
\usepackage{babel}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber, style=ext-authoryear-comp, citetracker=true]{biblatex}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{citedas = {hereafter}}
\makeatletter
\newbibmacro*{shorthandintro:noparen}{%
\iffieldundef{shorthandintro}
{\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{}
{\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\bibstring{citedas}\space
\printfield{shorthand}}}
{\setunit{\addcomma\space}%
\printfield{shorthandintro}}}
\newcommand*{\ifshorthandonlycite}{%
\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\@secondoftwo}
{\ifciteseen}}
\renewbibmacro*{cite}{%
\ifshorthandonlycite
{\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
\usebibmacro{cite:reinit}}
{\ifboolexpr{test {\ifnameundef{labelname}}
or test {\iffieldundef{labelyear}}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}%
\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@open}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}%
\usebibmacro{cite:reinit}}
{\iffieldequals{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}
{\ifboolexpr{
test {\iffieldequals{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}
and ( test {\ifnumequal{\value{multicitecount}}{0}}
or test {\iffieldundef{postnote}})
and test {\iffieldundef{shorthand}}}
{\setunit{\printdelim{extradateonlycompcitedelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:extradate}}
{\setunit{\compcitedelim}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}%
\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nameyeardelim}%
\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@open}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}%
\savefield{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}%
\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}%
\usebibmacro{shorthandintro:noparen}%
\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{}
{\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}}}%
\setunit{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@close}%
\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}%
\multicitedelim}}
\renewbibmacro*{textcite}{%
\ifshorthandonlycite
{\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{cite:shorthand}%
\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}
{\iffieldequals{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}
{\ifboolexpr{test {\iffieldequals{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}
and (test {\ifnumequal{\value{multicitecount}}{0}}
or test {\iffieldundef{postnote}})
and test {\iffieldundef{shorthand}}}
{\setunit{\printdelim{extradateonlycompcitedelim}}%
\usebibmacro{cite:extradate}}
{\setunit{\compcitedelim}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}%
\usebibmacro{shorthandintro:noparen}%
\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}
{\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}}}
{\ifnameundef{labelname}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nonameyeardelim}%
\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@open}}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}%
\usebibmacro{shorthandintro:noparen}}
{\printnames{labelname}%
\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nameyeardelim}%
\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@open}}%
\ifnumequal{\value{citecount}}{1}
{\usebibmacro{prenote}}
{}%
\iffieldundef{labelyear}
{\usebibmacro{cite:label}}
{\usebibmacro{cite:labeldate+extradate}}%
\usebibmacro{shorthandintro:noparen}%
\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{\savefield{labelyear}{\cbx@lastyear}}
{\global\undef\cbx@lastyear}}%
\stepcounter{textcitecount}%
\savefield{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}}}%
\setunit{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@close}%
\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}%
\textcitedelim}}
\renewbibmacro*{textcite:postnote}{%
\iffieldundef{postnote}
{}
{\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\setunit{\printdelim{postnotedelim}}}
{\setunit{%
\global\booltrue{cbx:parens}%
\printdelim{nameyeardelim}%
\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@open}}}%
\printfield{postnote}}%
\ifnumequal{\value{multicitecount}}{\value{multicitetotal}}
{\setunit{}%
\printtext{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@close}%
\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}}}
{\setunit{%
\ifbool{cbx:parens}
{\csuse{extblx@citedelim@\blx@delimcontext @inner@close}%
\global\boolfalse{cbx:parens}}
{}%
\textcitedelim}}}
\DeclareCiteCommand{\textcite}[\cbx@textcite@init\cbx@textcite]
{\gdef\cbx@savedkeys{}%
\citetrackerfalse%
\pagetrackerfalse%
\DeferNextCitekeyHook%
\usebibmacro{cite:init}}
{\ifthenelse{\iffirstcitekey\AND\value{multicitetotal}>0}
{\protected@xappto\cbx@savedcites{()(\thefield{multipostnote})}%
\global\clearfield{multipostnote}}
{}%
\xappto\cbx@savedkeys{\thefield{entrykey},}%
\iffieldundef{shorthand}
{}
{\booltrue{citetracker}%
\ifciteseen
{\gundef\cbx@lasthash}
{}%
\boolfalse{citetracker}}%
\iffieldequals{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}
{}
{\stepcounter{textcitetotal}%
\savefield{namehash}{\cbx@lasthash}}}
{}
{\protected@xappto\cbx@savedcites{%
[\thefield{prenote}][\thefield{postnote}]{\cbx@savedkeys}}}
\makeatother
\begin{filecontents*}{\jobname.bib}
@article{jd14,
author = {Doe, J. and Smith, J. and Bar, F.},
title = {Some Title},
journal = {Some Journal},
year = {2014},
shorthand = {JD14},
}
@article{jd15,
author = {Doe, J. and Smith, J. and Bar, F.},
title = {Some Title},
journal = {Some Journal},
year = {2015},
shorthand = {JD15},
}
@article{jd13,
author = {Doe, J. and Smith, J. and Bar, F.},
title = {No shorthand here},
journal = {Some Other Journal},
year = {2013},
}
@article{b12,
author = {Bar, F.},
title = {Also No shorthand},
journal = {Yet Another Journal},
year = {2012},
}
\end{filecontents*}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}
\begin{document}
1 \textcite{jd14} again \textcite{jd14}.
2 \textcite[see][45]{jd15} again \textcite[see][45]{jd15}.
3 \textcite{jd14,jd15} again \textcite{jd14,jd15}.
4 \textcite{jd13,jd15} again \textcite{jd13,jd15}.
5 \textcite{b12,jd14} again \textcite{b12,jd14}.
6 Just for comparison \textcite{jd13}. \textcite{b12,jd13} works
7 \textcite[34-36]{jd13} again \textcite[see][34-36]{jd13}
\citereset
1 \parencite{jd14} again \parencite{jd14}.
2 \parencite[see][45]{jd15} again \parencite[see][45]{jd15}.
3 \parencite{jd14,jd15} again \parencite{jd14,jd15}.
4 \parencite{jd13,jd15} again \parencite{jd13,jd15}.
5 \parencite{b12,jd14} again \parencite{b12,jd14}.
6 Just for comparison \parencite{jd13}. \parencite{b12,jd13} works
7 \parencite[34-36]{jd13} again \parencite[see][34-36]{jd13}
\printbibliography
\end{document}
