我正在考虑创建一个类似这样的图形：
乍一看，通过 tikz 似乎可以实现
看到 MWE，但说到风格和细化人物，我有点不知所措
- 让树向下向右生长（代表“Lesart”），
- “气泡”（Nomen、maus、Lesart）和“箭头”的样式不同，并且箭头结尾没有气泡
- 具有不同的间距
/顺便问一下，有没有办法改变图形的字体，使其更易读？
你介意在这儿帮忙吗？
\documentclass[
12pt,
a4paper,
headings=standardclasses,
listof=totoc,
numbers=noenddot
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{showframe}
\usepackage[left=2.50cm, right=2.50cm, top=2.50cm, bottom=2.00cm, footskip=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage[main=ngerman, english]{babel}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{graphdrawing}
\usetikzlibrary{graphs}
\usegdlibrary{trees}
\begin{document}
%
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\begin{tikzpicture}[>=stealth, every node/.style={circle, draw, minimum size=0.75cm}]
\graph [tree layout, grow=down, fresh nodes, level distance=1in, sibling distance=0.5in]
{
Nomen -> {
Maus -> {Genus,Numerus,Register,Flex, Lesart 1 -> {" "," "," "}, Lesart 2 -> {" "," "," "}}
}
};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
更新版本会产生来自同一位置的不必要的箭头配置：
\documentclass[
12pt,
a4paper,
headings=standardclasses,
listof=totoc,
numbers=noenddot
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{showframe}
\usepackage[left=2.50cm, right=2.50cm, top=2.50cm, bottom=2.00cm, footskip=1cm]{geometry}
\usepackage[onehalfspacing]{setspace}
\usepackage[main=ngerman, english]{babel}
\usepackage[babel, german=quotes]{csquotes}
\usepackage[ngerman]{isodate}
\usepackage[ngerman]{datetime}
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
% FIGURES
%----------------------------------------------------------------------------
%\usepackage{graphicx}
%\graphicspath{ {./figures/} }
%\usepackage{lscape}
%\usepackage[final]{pdfpages}
%\usepackage{chngcntr}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest} % linguistic figures
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta,decorations.pathmorphing,backgrounds,fit,positioning,shapes.symbols,chains}
\forestset{
east branch/.style = {grow=east, child anchor=west,
if level = 3{text width=2ex,draw=none,edge=dashed}{}}
}% end of forestset
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
for tree = {
% node style
circle,
draw,
text width = 4em, text badly centered,
if level = 2{font=\sffamily\scshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}
{font=\sffamily\itshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
inner sep = 1pt,
/tikz/every label/.append style = {align=left,
font=\sffamily\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
% tree style
child anchor=north,
edge = {-{Straight Barb[angle=60:2pt 3]}, semithick},
l sep=12mm,
s sep=2mm,
}
% tree body code
[Nomen, double, dashed, label=right: Versuh fuer einem \\
Lexem-Frame fuer \textit{Mause},
[/maus/, double,
[Genus [femin.]]
[Numerus [sing.]]
[Register/\\ Silver [neutral]],
[Flex.-Klasse [Sg. I. Pl. S1/U*.,
label=right:*Angabe der Flexionklasse hier\\
nach \textsc{Duden-Grammmatic}\textsuperscript{7} 2005
]
],
[Lesart\\ 1,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=-9mm,s=35mm},
[] [] []
]
[test\\ 2,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=+9mm,s=35mm},
[] [] []
]
]
]
\end{forest}
\end{document}
答案1
还有一个解决方案forest。
编辑（1）：\forestset通过引入指向东方的分支设置， 略微改进了 MWE 代码。
编辑（2）：
增加了newtxtext节点中所有字体均可的包sffamily，修正了节点中的文本。
编辑（3）： 修正节点中文本的位置：
\documentclass[margin=3.141592mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{newtxtext}
\usepackage{forest}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta}
\forestset{
east branch/.style = {grow=east, anchor=center, child anchor=west,
if level = 3{text width=2ex,draw=none,edge=dashed}{}}
}% end of forestset
\begin{document}
\begin{forest}
for tree = {
% node style
circle,
draw,
text width = 3.4em, text badly centered,
inner sep = 1pt,
anchor = center,
if level = 2{font=\sffamily\scshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}
{font=\sffamily\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
if level = 3{font=\sffamily\itshape\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont}{},
/tikz/every label/.append style = {align=left,
font=\sffamily\scriptsize\linespread{0.84}\selectfont},
% tree style
child anchor=north,
edge = {-{Straight Barb[angle=60:2pt 3]}, semithick},
l sep=12mm,
s sep=2mm,
}
% tree body code
[Nomen, double, dashed, label=right: Versuh fuer einem \\
Lexem-Frame fuer \textit{Mause},
[/maus/, double,
[Genus [femin.]]
[Numerus [sing.]]
[Register/\\ Silver [neutral]],
[Flex.-Klasse [Sg. I. Pl. S1/U*.,
label=right:*Angabe der Flexionklasse hier\\
nach \textsc{Duden-Grammmatic}\textsuperscript{7} 2005
]
],
[Lesart\\ 1,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=-9mm,s=35mm},
[] [] []
]
[Lesart\\ 2,
for tree={east branch},
before computing xy={l=+9mm,s=35mm},
[] [] []
]
]
]
\end{forest}
\end{document}
新增数量：
如果您的某些森林图使用了该linguistics库，您可以按照以下方式使用它：
- 在序言中而不是加载
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}负载\usepackage{forest} \useforestlibrary{linguistics} - 当您需要使用
forest语言学图表时，请插入\forestapplylibrarydefaults{linguistics}本地组，例如：\begingroup \forestapplylibrarydefaults{linguistics} \begin{forest} % forest specification % linguistics diagram code \end{forest} \end{group}
请考虑我的森林代码的最新版本。它更简洁，并改进了图表布局。
答案2
欢迎使用 TeX.SX！既然您已经加载了它，为什么不使用这个forest包呢：
\documentclass[
12pt,
a4paper,
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\forestset{
default preamble={
for tree={
circle,
draw,
font=\footnotesize,
edge=->,
l=25mm,
}
},
eastbound/.style={
edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}](!u.east)--(.west)\forestoption{edge label};},
grow=east,
ignore,
},
}
\begin{forest}
[Nomen, dashed
[Maus
[Genus]
[Numerus]
[Register]
[Flex]
[Lesart 1, before computing xy={l=15mm,s=35mm}, eastbound
[{},draw=none][{},draw=none][{},draw=none]]
[Lesart 2, before computing xy={l=-5mm,s=35mm}, eastbound
[{},draw=none][{},draw=none][{},draw=none]]
]
]
\end{forest}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
编辑：您可以简化边缘路径设置并自动处理空节点：
\documentclass[
12pt,
a4paper,
]{scrartcl}
\usepackage[linguistics]{forest}
\begin{document}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\forestset{
default preamble={
for tree={
circle,
draw,
font=\footnotesize,
edge=->,
edge path={\noexpand\path[\forestoption{edge}](!u)--()\forestoption{edge label};},
l=25mm,
},
delay={
where content={}{
draw=none,
edge=dashed,
}{},
}
},
}
\begin{forest}
[Nomen, dashed
[Maus
[Genus]
[Numerus]
[Register]
[Flex]
[Lesart 1, before computing xy={l=15mm,s=35mm}, grow=east, ignore
[][][]]
[Lesart 2, before computing xy={l=-5mm,s=35mm}, grow=east, ignore
[][][]]
]
]
\end{forest}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\end{document}
也可以看看：森林：同一层树枝的生长方向不同