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Latex Tikz 绘制循环图

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Latex Tikz 绘制循环图

我是 tikz 新手，我想在 latex 上用这个循环绘制一个表面，但我不知道如何插入标签，甚至不知道如何正确绘制曲线。您对从哪里开始或我可以基于的类似图表有什么建议吗？谢谢

答案1

这是一个用来tkz-euclide绘制一些真实弧的解决方案。

球面？

\documentclass[tikz,border=3.14mm]{standalone}

\usepackage{tkz-euclide}

\begin{document}

    \begin{tikzpicture}[>=latex]
        \def\larg{3} \def\long{5} \def\xshft{1} \def\yshft{1}
        \coordinate (A) at (0,0);
        \coordinate (B) at (\long,\yshft);
        \coordinate (C) at (\long+\xshft,\larg+\yshft);
        \coordinate (D) at (\xshft,\larg);
        
        % Radii of the arcs (for lines and arrows)
        \def\rada{12} \def\radb{18}
        \def\radaa{12.3} \def\radab{11.7}
        \def\radba{18.3} \def\radbb{17.7}
        
        % Arc between A and D
        \tkzInterCC[R](A,\rada cm)(D,\rada cm) \tkzGetSecondPoint{H1}
        \tkzDrawArc[angles,line width=.75pt](H1,D)(150,174)
        
        % Arrow from D to A
        \tkzDrawArc[R,very thick,color=orange,->](H1,\radaa cm)(158,168)
        
        % Arc between B and C
        \tkzInterCC[R](B,\rada cm)(C,\rada cm) \tkzGetSecondPoint{H2}
        \tkzDrawArc[angles,line width=.75pt](H2,C)(150,174)
        
        % Arrow from B to C
        \tkzDrawArc[R,very thick,color=orange,<-](H2,\radab cm)(156,166)
        
        % Arc between A and B
        \tkzInterCC[R](A,\radb cm)(B,\radb cm) \tkzGetSecondPoint{H3}
        \tkzDrawArc[angles,line width=.75pt](H3,A)(90,112)
        
        % Arrow from A to B
        \tkzDrawArc[R,very thick,color=orange,<-](H3,\radbb cm)(95,108)
        
        % Arc between D and C
        \tkzInterCC[R](D,\radb cm)(C,\radb cm) \tkzGetSecondPoint{H4}
        \tkzDrawArc[angles,line width=.75pt](H4,D)(90,113)
        
        % Arrow from D to C
        \tkzDrawArc[R,very thick,color=orange,->](H4,\radba cm)(94,107)
        
        
        % Points and figures
        \foreach \p in {A,B,C,D} \filldraw (\p) circle (1pt) node[below right] {\p};
        \node[left] at (-0.7,-0.3) {$x^2=0$};
        \node[left] at (0,2.7) {$x^2=\delta b$};
        \node[below] at (-0.2,-.9) {$x^1=0$};
        \node[below] at (4.8,0.1) {$x^1=\delta a$};
    \end{tikzpicture}

\end{document}

答案2

我尝试了一下。结果如下：

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[border=5pt]{standalone}

\usepackage{tikz}

\usetikzlibrary{calc, intersections}

\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        % define nodes
        \coordinate (A1) at (0,0);
        \coordinate (B1) at ($ (A1) + (5,1) $);
        \coordinate (C1) at ($ (B1) + (1,5) $);
        \coordinate (D1) at ($ (A1) + (1,5) $);
        
        \draw (A1) node {$ \bullet $} node[below=5pt] {A1};
        \draw (B1) node {$ \bullet $} node[below=5pt] {B1};
        \draw (C1) node {$ \bullet $} node[above=5pt] {C1};
        \draw (D1) node {$ \bullet $} node[above=5pt] {D1};
        
        \coordinate (A2) at ($ (A1) + (-1,1) $);
        \coordinate (B2) at ($ (B1) + (1,1) $);
        \coordinate (C2) at ($ (C1) + (1,-1) $);
        \coordinate (D2) at ($ (D1) + (-1,-1) $);
        
        \draw (A2) node {$ \bullet $} node[below=5pt] {A2};
        \draw (B2) node {$ \bullet $} node[below=5pt] {B2};
        \draw (C2) node {$ \bullet $} node[above=5pt] {C2};
        \draw (D2) node {$ \bullet $} node[above=5pt] {D2};
        
        % draw lines
        
        \draw[name path=AB] (A2) to[bend left=10] (B2);
        \draw[name path=AD] (A1) to[bend left=10] (D1);
        \draw[name path=DC] (D2) to[bend left=10] (C2);
        \draw[name path=BC] (B1) to[bend left=10] (C1);
        
        % calculate intersections
        
        \path[name intersections={of=AB and AD},];
        \draw (intersection-1) node(A) {$ \bullet $} node[below right] {A};
        
        \path[name intersections={of=AB and BC},];
        \draw (intersection-1) node(B) {$ \bullet $} node[below right] {B};
        
        \path[name intersections={of=BC and DC},];
        \draw (intersection-1) node(C) {$ \bullet $} node[below right] {C};
        
        \path[name intersections={of=AD and DC},];
        \draw (intersection-1) node(D) {$ \bullet $} node[below right] {D};
        
        % draw arrows
        
        \draw[-stealth,bend left=10,shorten >=0.5cm,shorten <=0.5cm,lightgray,thick] ($ (A) + (0,-0.5) $) to ($ (B) + (0,-0.5) $);
        \draw[-stealth,bend left=10,shorten >=0.5cm,shorten <=0.5cm,lightgray,thick] ($ (B) + (0.5,0) $) to ($ (C) + (0.5,0) $);
        \draw[-stealth,bend right=10,shorten >=0.5cm,shorten <=0.5cm, lightgray,thick] ($ (C) + (0,0.5) $) to ($ (D) + (0,0.5) $);
        \draw[-stealth,bend right=10,shorten >=0.5cm,shorten <=0.5cm,lightgray,thick] ($ (D) + (-0.5,0) $) to ($ (A) + (-0.5,0) $);
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

首先，定义直线的起点和终点的坐标 (A1/2-D1/2)。因此，我使用了库calc，您可以在其中设置点之间的距离($(startpoint) + (xshift,ysift)$)。然后，在点之间绘制线条。在这里，我使用添加了线条的弯曲(point1) to[bend left=...] (point2)并连接了所有点。该语法name path用于使用intersections库计算线条的交点，其中标记了第一个交点(intersection-1)。最后一步是使用在这些点之间绘制箭头（具有相应的偏移量）\draw[-stealth,bend left=...] (point1) to (point2)。

希望您了解它是如何工作的。

现在，您的任务是更改图形节点的标签（更改 中的输入node[...] {change name here}），因为我保留它们是为了更好地理解工作流程，并且可能根据您的需要调整箭头的偏移量。因此，您可以尝试使用环境中的shorten >=...和参数以及节点移位的坐标。shorten <=...\draw

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