如何对齐多个长方程式及其内部

Question

我有以下一系列方程：

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{mathtools}

\begin{document}
\begin{align}
\begin{split}\label{eq:1}
 V_{g}(L^V_g, L^V_g) = {}& \pi_{gt}^{\ominus}\bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] \\ & - w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g 
\end{split}\\
\begin{split}\label{eq:2}
 V_{g}(L^V_g, 0) = {}& \pi_{gt}\bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] \\ & - w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g 
\end{split}\\
\begin{split}\label{eq:3}
 V_{g}(0, L^V_g) = {}& (1-\pi_{\bar{g}t})\bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] \\ & - w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g 
\end{split} \\
\begin{split}\label{eq:4}
V_{g}(0, 0) = {}& P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^P(g) - w_{gt}^F + H_{gt}(\mathbb{1}_{\epsilon_{gt}})
\end{split} 
\end{align}
\end{document}

结果如下：

但我想要以下输出：

我希望$V_{gt}(.)$左对齐，同时在每个方程内也保持对齐。在我的示例中，方程相对于“=”对齐：当我拆分方程时，新部分相对于“=”对齐，但我的问题是方程之间也相对于“=”对齐。但是我希望每个方程都相对于“=”对齐（以便正确拆分方程），但我还希望方程之间左对齐（$V_{gt}(.)$。不幸的是，我没有找到问题的答案。

希望我说得足够清楚。谢谢你的帮助！

Answer 1

我会用alignedat和 来做到这一点aligned。注意，我必须将字体大小更改为 11pt，并将水平边距设置为 1in，以使方程式适合边距。此外，除非您的发行版相当老旧，否则现在无需加载inputenc选项utf8：它已成为默认设置超过 3 年。

\documentclass[a4paper,11pt]{article}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage[hmargin=1in]{geometry}

\begin{document}

\begin{alignat}{2}
\label{eq:1}
 & V_{g}(L^V_g, L^V_g) & & = \begin{aligned}[t] & \pi_{gt}^{\ominus}\bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] \\ & - w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g
\end{aligned}\\
\label{eq:2}
 & V_{g}(L^V_g, 0) & & = \begin{aligned}[t]& \pi_{gt}\bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] \\ & - w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g
\end{aligned}\\
\label{eq:3}
 & V_{g}(0, L^V_g) & & = \begin{aligned}[t]& (1-\pi_{\bar{g}t})\bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] \\ & - w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g
\end{aligned} \\
\label{eq:4}
 & V_{g}(0, 0) & & =P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^P(g) - w_{gt}^F + H_{gt}(\mathbb{1}_{\epsilon_{gt}})
\end{alignat}

\end{document} 

Answer 2

我使用了alignat额外的&分隔符来实现左对齐。我可能出于个人喜好将split其改为，并且我必须在方程式的第二行之前添加一个，以支持减号对齐。aligned\!aligned

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage[margin=.75in]{geometry}
\begin{document}
\begin{alignat}{2}
\label{eq:1}
& V_{g}(L^V_g, L^V_g) &&= \begin{aligned}[t]{}& \pi_{gt}^{\ominus}
 \bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + 
 (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} 
 + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] 
 \\ & \!- w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g 
\end{aligned}\\
\label{eq:2}
& V_{g}(L^V_g, 0) &&= \begin{aligned}[t]{}& \pi_{gt}\bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha}
 P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}
 (N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha} + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg] 
 \\ & \!- w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g 
\end{aligned}\\
\label{eq:3}
& V_{g}(0, L^V_g) &&= \begin{aligned}[t]{}& (1-\pi_{\bar{g}t})
 \bigg[(1-L^V_g)^{1-\alpha} P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + 
 (1-L^V_{\bar{g}})^{1-\alpha} P_{\overline{j}t}(N_{\bar{g}t}r_{\bar{g}t})^{\alpha}
 + \delta V_t^V(.)\bigg]
 \\ & \!- w_{gt}^F(1-L^V_g) - w_{gt}^V L^V_g 
\end{aligned} \\
\label{eq:4}
& V_{g}(0, 0) &&= \begin{aligned}[t]{}& P_{jt}(N_{gt}r_{gt})^{\alpha} + 
 \delta V_t^P(g) - w_{gt}^F + H_{gt}(\mathbb{1}_{\epsilon_{gt}})
\end{aligned} 
\end{alignat}
\end{document}