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脚注和参考文献中下方带点的字母消失

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脚注和参考文献中下方带点的字母消失

恕我直言，有人能帮助我吗：所有带点的字母（用于阿拉伯语-拉丁语音译目的）在此处输入图片描述消失在脚注和参考文献中。提前谢谢您。

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}

\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}

\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}

\usepackage[backend=biber,autolang=other,bibencoding=inputenc,footmarkoff]{biblatex-chicago}
\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}
\bibliography{sample}

\begin{document}
\title{Letters with a Dot Below Disappear from Footnotes and References}
\author{}
\date{}
\maketitle

\section{Introduction}

The book entitled \textit{al-Jāmi’ li A\d{h}kām al-Qur’ān} is the work of Mu\d{h}ammad bin A\d{h}mad al-An\d{s}ārī al-Qur\d{t}ubī.\autocite{al-qurtubiAlJamiLiAhkam2003}\\
The book entitled \textit{al-Tawshī\d{h} Shar\d{h} al-Jāmi’ al-\d{S}a\d{h}ī\d{h}} is the work of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyu\d{t}ī. \autocite{al-suyutiAlTawshihSharhAlJami1998a}\\
The book entitled \textit{Asbāb al-Nuzūl wa bi Hāmisih al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh} is the work of ‘Alī bin A\d{h}mad al-Wā\d{h}idī.\autocite{al-wahidiAsbabAlNuzulWa2000} 

\printbibliography

\end{document}

@book{al-qurtubiAlJamiLiAhkam2003,
  title = {al-{{J\=ami}}' li {{A\d{h}k\=am}} al-{{Qur}}'\=an},
  author = {al-An{\d s}{\=a}r{\=i} {al-Qur{\d t}ub{\=i}}, Mu{\d h}ammad bin A{\d h}mad},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {18},
  publisher = {{D\=ar `\=Alam al-Kutub}},
  address = {{al-Riy\=a\d{d}}}
}
@book{al-suyutiAlTawshihSharhAlJami1998a,
  title = {al-{{Tawshi\d{h} Shar\d{h}}} al-{{J\=ami}}' al-{{\d{S}a\d{h}\=i\d{h}}}},
  author = {al-D{\=i}n {al-Suy{\=u}{\d t}{\=i}}, Jal{\=a}l},
  editor = {Ri{\d d}w{\=a}n, Ri{\d d}w{\=a}n J{\=a}mi'},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{Maktabat al-Rushd}},
  address = {{al-Riy\=a\d{d}}}
}
@book{al-wahidiAsbabAlNuzulWa2000,
  title = {Asb\=ab Al-{{Nuz\=ul}} wa bi {{H\=amisih}} al-{{N\=asikh}} wa al-{{Mans\=ukh}}},
  author = {{al-W{\=a}{\d h}id{\=i}}, `Al{\=i} bin A{\d h}mad},
  editor = {al-L{\=a}h Ibn Sal{\=a}mah, Hibat},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {{`\=Alam al-Kutub}},
  address = {{Bayr\=ut}}
}

答案1

如果你的文档包含许多这样的 Unicode 字符，米科的建议选择像 LuaLaTeX 或 XeLaTeX 这样的 Unicode 引擎肯定是个好选择。但即使使用 pdfLaTeX，我们也可以完成此示例。

当使用 pdfLaTeX 和当前版本的 LaTeX 内核（我使用LaTeX2e <2021-06-01> patch level 1）进行编译时，您的示例只会产生一种类型的错误，即

! Package inputenc Error: Unicode character Ṣ (U+1E62)
(inputenc)                not set up for use with LaTeX.

也就是说，LaTeX 不知道如何处理Ṣ。

原因是 LaTeX 仅设置了其实际可以生成的有限范围的 Unicode 字符。例如，使用标准字体设置（以及大多数贡献的字体包），您将无法生成 CJK 字符，因此这些字符不包含在内。大多数拉丁字符都支持开箱即用，但偶尔会缺少组合（参见例如https://github.com/latex3/latex2e/issues/484，它增加了对ḥ和 的支持ṣ，但不包括Ṣ）。

为了Ṣ问题可以很容易地通过以下方式修复inputenc 错误：Unicode 字符 \u8：未设置为与 LaTeX 一起使用其定义告诉 LaTeX，这Ṣ是带有下方点的 S，即\d{S}

\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E62}{\d{S}}

对于较旧的内核，其他字母（例如）ḥ也可能是未知的。每种情况下的解决方案都相同：提供合适的替换定义。

因此

\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{csquotes}
\usepackage[backend=biber]{biblatex-chicago}

\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E62}{\d{S}}
\DeclareUnicodeCharacter{1E63}{\d{s}}

\begin{filecontents}{\jobname.bib}
@book{al-qurtubiAlJamiLiAhkam2003,
  title     = {al-J{\=a}mi' li A{\d h}k{\=a}m al-Qur'{\=a}n},
  author    = {al-An\d s\=ar\=i al-Qur{\d t}ub{\=i}, Mu{\d h}ammad bin A{\d h}mad},
  year      = {2003},
  volume    = {18},
  publisher = {D{\=a}r `{\=A}lam al-Kutub},
  address   = {al-Riy{\=a}{\d d}},
}
@book{al-suyutiAlTawshihSharhAlJami1998a,
  title     = {al-Tawshi{\d h} Shar{\d h} al-J{\=a}mi' al-{\d S}a{\d h}{\=i}{\d h}},
  author    = {al-D{\=i}n al-Suy{\=u}{\d t}{\=i}, Jal{\=a}l},
  editor    = {Ri{\d d}w{\=a}n, Ri{\d d}w{\=a}n J{\=a}mi'},
  year      = {1998},
  publisher = {{Maktabat al-Rushd}},
  address   = {al-Riy{\=a}{\d d}},
}
@book{al-wahidiAsbabAlNuzulWa2000,
  title     = {Asb\=ab Al-Nuz{\=ul} wa bi H{\=a}misih al-N{\=a}sikh wa al-Mans{\=u}kh},
  author    = {al-W{\=a}{\d h}id{\=i}, `Al{\=i} bin A{\d h}mad},
  editor    = {al-L{\=a}h Ibn Sal{\=a}mah, Hibat},
  year      = {2000},
  publisher = {`{\=A}lam al-Kutub},
  address   = {Bayr{\=u}t},
}
\end{filecontents}
\addbibresource{\jobname.bib}

\begin{document}

The book entitled \emph{al-Jāmi’ li A\d{h}kām al-Qur’ān}
is the work of Mu\d{h}ammad bin A\d{h}mad al-An\d{s}ārī al-Qur\d{t}ubī.%
\autocite{al-qurtubiAlJamiLiAhkam2003}

The book entitled \emph{al-Tawshī\d{h} Shar\d{h} al-Jāmi’ al-\d{S}a\d{h}ī\d{h}} 
is the work of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyu\d{t}ī.%
\autocite{al-suyutiAlTawshihSharhAlJami1998a}

The book entitled \emph{Asbāb al-Nuzūl wa bi Hāmisih al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh} 
is the work of ‘Alī bin A\d{h}mad al-Wā\d{h}idī.%
\autocite{al-wahidiAsbabAlNuzulWa2000} 

\printbibliography
\end{document}

生产

al-Qurṭubī，Muḥammad bin Aḥmad al-Anṣārī。al-Jāmi' li Aḥkām al-Qur'ān。第 18 卷。al-Riyāḍ：Dār 'Ālam al-Kutub，2003 年。al-Suyūṭī，Jalāl al-Dīn。al-Tawshiḥ Sharḥ al-Jāmi' al-Ṣaḥīḥ。Riḍwān Jāmi' Riḍwān 编辑。al-Riyāḍ：Maktabat al-Rushd，1998 年。al-Wāḥidī，'Alī bin Aḥmad。 Asbāb Al-Nuzūl wa bi Hāmisih al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh。由 Hibat al-Lāh Ibn Salāmah 编辑。Bayrūt：'Ālam al-Kutub，2000 年。

如预期的。

但是，当我只使用自己时，为什么我需要声明Ṣ（等于）？\d S\d S

这与 Biber 的运作方式有关。为了能够正确地对条目进行排序，Biber 需要将宏转义（如\"a和 ）转换\d S为其各自的 Unicode 含义（ä和Ṣ）。由于转换已经完成，Biber 随后将这个 Unicode 化的字符串传递给biblatex。因此，即使您有

title = {al-J{\=a}mi' li A{\d h}k{\=a}m al-Qur'{\=a}n},
title = {al-Tawshi{\d h} Shar{\d h} al-J{\=a}mi' al-{\d S}a{\d h}{\=i}{\d h}},

在你的.bib文件中，LaTeX 可以看到

\field{title}{al-Jāmi' li Aḥkām al-Qur'ān}
\field{title}{al-Tawshiḥ Sharḥ al-Jāmi' al-Ṣaḥīḥ}

然后由于 而出错了Ṣ。

您可以使用选项safeinputenc（如\usepackage[backend=biber, safeinputenc]{biblatex-chicago}）告诉 Biber 不要输出 Unicode，而是将内容重新编码为 LaTeX 宏。然后上面的两个标题显示为

\field{title}{al-J\={a}mi' li A\d{h}k\={a}m al-Qur'\={a}n}
\field{title}{al-Tawshi\d{h} Shar\d{h} al-J\={a}mi' al-\d{S}a\d{h}\={\i}\d{h}}

就像您将这些宏转义直接写入文件时一样，它可以很好地编译.tex。

答案2

我建议您从 pdfLaTeX 切换到 XeLaTeX 或 LuaLaTeX。切换非常简单 - 请参阅下面的代码调整 - 并且结果信件\d{S}不再造成问题。

我在以下屏幕截图的参考部分中突出显示了所有下点字符。

在此处输入图片描述

% !TEX TS-program = lualatex
\documentclass[a4paper]{article}
\begin{filecontents}[overwrite]{mybib.bib}
@book{al-qurtubiAlJamiLiAhkam2003,
  title = {al-{{J\=ami}}' li {{A\d{h}k\=am}} al-{{Qur}}'\=an},
  author = {al-An{\d s}{\=a}r{\=i} {al-Qur{\d t}ub{\=i}}, Mu{\d h}ammad bin A{\d h}mad},
  year = {2003},
  volume = {18},
  publisher = {{D\=ar `\=Alam al-Kutub}},
  address = {{al-Riy\=a\d{d}}}
}
@book{al-suyutiAlTawshihSharhAlJami1998a,
  title = {al-{{Tawshi\d{h} Shar\d{h}}} al-{{J\=ami}}' al-{{\d{S}a\d{h}\=i\d{h}}}},
  author = {al-D{\=i}n {al-Suy{\=u}{\d t}{\=i}}, Jal{\=a}l},
  editor = {Ri{\d d}w{\=a}n, Ri{\d d}w{\=a}n J{\=a}mi'},
  year = {1998},
  publisher = {{Maktabat al-Rushd}},
  address = {{al-Riy\=a\d{d}}}
}
@book{al-wahidiAsbabAlNuzulWa2000,
  title = {Asb\=ab Al-{{Nuz\=ul}} wa bi {{H\=amisih}} al-{{N\=asikh}} wa al-{{Mans\=ukh}}},
  author = {{al-W{\=a}{\d h}id{\=i}}, `Al{\=i} bin A{\d h}mad},
  editor = {al-L{\=a}h Ibn Sal{\=a}mah, Hibat},
  year = {2000},
  publisher = {{`\=Alam al-Kutub}},
  address = {{Bayr\=ut}}
}
\end{filecontents}

\usepackage{iftex}
\ifpdftex
  \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
  \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
  \usepackage{lmodern}
\else % either LuaLaTeX or XeLaTeX
  \usepackage{fontspec}
  \setmainfont{Latin Modern Roman}
\fi

\usepackage[english]{babel}
%\usepackage{csquotes}

\usepackage[backend=biber,autolang=other,bibencoding=inputenc,
            footmarkoff]{biblatex-chicago}
\addbibresource{mybib.bib}
\usepackage[bottom]{footmisc}

\setlength\textheight{10cm} % just for this example

\begin{document}

The book entitled \emph{al-Jāmi’ li A\d{h}kām al-Qur’ān} is the work of Mu\d{h}ammad bin A\d{h}mad al-An\d{s}ārī al-Qur\d{t}ubī.\autocite{al-qurtubiAlJamiLiAhkam2003}

The book entitled \emph{al-Tawshī\d{h} Shar\d{h} al-Jāmi’ al-\d{S}a\d{h}ī\d{h}} is the work of Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyu\d{t}ī. \autocite{al-suyutiAlTawshihSharhAlJami1998a}

The book entitled \emph{Asbāb al-Nuzūl wa bi Hāmisih al-Nāsikh wa al-Mansūkh} is the work of ‘Alī bin A\d{h}mad al-Wā\d{h}idī.\autocite{al-wahidiAsbabAlNuzulWa2000} 

\printbibliography
\end{document}

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