电路中的交流阻抗

Question

我正在寻找交流阻抗的符号，因为它经常用于电气工程的某些领域。它是欧洲电阻器的符号，其中有一个正弦波，如下图所示。有人能帮我吗？

Answer 1

如果您不想从头开始创建自定义符号，则可以使用以下代码将最后一个符号与小正弦波叠加。 也许这足以满足您的需求：

\documentclass[border=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{circuitikz}

\newcommand{\sine}[1][]{%
 \draw[thick, #1] ++(.8,0) sin ++(.1,.1) cos ++(.1,-.1) sin ++(.1,-.1) cos ++(.1,.1);%
}

\begin{document}

\begin{circuitikz}
\draw (0,0) to[generic] (2,0);
\sine
\draw (2,0) to[generic] (4,0);

\draw (0,2) to[generic] (0,0);
\sine[rotate=90]
\draw (0,0) to[generic] (0,-2);
\end{circuitikz}

\end{document}

Answer 2

据我所知，有两种方法（彼此不太兼容）：1.使用 TikZ 的库circuits.ee.IEC；2.使用circuitikz包裹。从手册中搜索关键字impedance没有得到任何结果。您想用 TikZ“手工”绘制它吗？请注意当路径不是水平线时pic使用。[sloped]

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
% inductor 
\usetikzlibrary{decorations.pathmorphing}
\tikzset{inductor/.pic={
\draw[white,line width=1mm] (-.5,0)--(.5,0);
\draw[decorate,decoration={coil,aspect=0.4,segment length=1mm,amplitude=1.5mm}] (-.5,0)--(.5,0);
}}  

% resistor
\tikzset{resistor/.pic={
\fill[white] (-.5,-.1) rectangle (.5,.1);       
\draw[pic actions] (-.5,-.1) rectangle (.5,.1);
}}

% AC-impedance
\tikzset{AC-impedance/.pic={
\fill[white] (-.5,-.15) rectangle (.5,.15);     
\draw[pic actions] (-.5,-.15) rectangle (.5,.15)
(-.25,0) sin (-.125,.075) cos (0,0) sin (.125,-.075) cos (.25,0); % sin path
}}

% capacitor
\tikzset{capacitor/.pic={
\fill[white] (-.5mm,-2mm) rectangle (.5mm,2mm);
\draw[pic actions] (-.5mm,2mm)--(-.5mm,-2mm) (.5mm,2mm)--(.5mm,-2mm);
}}

\begin{tikzpicture}[nodes={midway}]
\draw 
(0,2) to pic[sloped,blue]{AC-impedance}
         node[left=1mm]{$Z_1$}
(0,0) to pic{AC-impedance}
         node[above=1mm]{$Z$}
(2,0) to pic{resistor}
         node[above=1mm]{$R$}
(4,0) to pic{inductor} 
         node[above=1mm]{$L$}
(6,0) to pic{capacitor} 
         node[above=1mm]{$C$} (8,0);

\draw (-135:2) to 
pic[sloped,red]{AC-impedance}
node[above=1mm,sloped]{$Z_2$}
(0,0);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

Answer 3

后面还有另外一个circuitikz用于绘制电路的包：pst-circ。这里有一个小例子：

\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{pst-circ}
\usepackage{amssymb,scalerel}
\newcommand{\sinus}{\hstretch{1.8}{$\boldsymbol\sim$}}

\begin{document}
\begin{pspicture}(5,5)
\pnode(0,0){A}\pnode(3,0){B}
\pnode(0,2){C}\pnode(3,2){D}
\resistor[labeloffset=0](C)(D){$\sinus$}
\wire(A)(C)
\wire(A)(B)
\wire(B)(D)
\end{pspicture}
\end{document}