如何在表格中按指定的单元格大小换行并对齐文本

Question

我是 Latex 的初学者，在制作表格方面遇到了困难。我的项目中有几个长而宽的表格，跨越了好几页。我发现很难在 A4 横向的页面尺寸内对齐它们。

此外，我发现如何将文本换行到指定大小的表格单元格内很困难。最后，我发现很难对齐标题和正文中的文本，所以我让它们全部居中

如果有人能帮助我，我可以使用并调整我的代码来处理我必须处理的后续表格，我将不胜感激。如果建议的代码简单但具有足够的通用性，那么我将不胜感激，这样我就可以将其应用于我拥有的尽可能多的其他表格。谢谢！

请参阅下面我的示例代码

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{multirow}
\usepackage{lscape} 
\usepackage{comment}
\usepackage{longtable}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage[style=nejm,backend=biber, maxbibnames=99, minnames=3, maxnames=20, terseinits=true, giveninits=true]{biblatex}
\usepackage{rotating}
\usepackage{float}
\usepackage{textgreek}
\usepackage[english]{babel}
\usepackage{pdflscape}
\usepackage[a4paper,width=150mm,top=25mm,bottom=35mm, right=25mm,left=25mm, bindingoffset=6mm]{geometry}
\usepackage{caption}
\usepackage{subcaption}
\usepackage{ltablex,booktabs}
\usepackage{color,soul}
\usepackage{rotating}

\begin{document}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\begin{landscape}
\centering

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{0.9}%
\begin{longtable}{|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2cm}|
>{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1.5cm}|
}

%{|p{2cm}|p{1cm}|p{1cm}|p{1cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{1cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{1cm}|p{1cm}|p{2cm}|p{1.5cm}|} 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\hline

\multirow{3}{2cm}{Study} & 
\multirow{3}{1cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Phase}} & 
\multirow{3}{1cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Blinding}} &
\multirow{3}{1cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Design}} & 
\multirow{3}{2cm}{Disease} & 
\multicolumn{3}{m{5cm}|}{\small Investigational group} & 
\multicolumn{3}{m{5cm}|}{\small Reference group} & 
\multicolumn{2}{m{4cm}|}{\small PFS/DFS} \\

\cline{5-13}

& & & & &

\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Treatment} & 
\multirow{1}{1cm}{N} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Median PFS months} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Treatment} & 
\multirow{1}{1cm}{N} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Median PFS months} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{PFS HR (95\% CI)} & 
\multirow{1}{1.5cm}{PFS p-value} \\

& & & & & & & & & & & & \\

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%         
        \endfirsthead
        
        \multicolumn{13}{l}%
        {{\bfseries \tablename\ \thetable{} -- (Continued from previous page)}} \tabularnewline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    

\hline

\multirow{3}{2cm}{Study} & 
\multirow{3}{1cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Phase}} & 
\multirow{3}{1cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Blinding}} &
\multirow{3}{1cm}{\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Design}} & 
\multirow{3}{2cm}{Disease} & 
\multicolumn{3}{m{5cm}|}{\small Investigational group} & 
\multicolumn{3}{m{5cm}|}{\small Reference group} & 
\multicolumn{2}{m{4cm}|}{\small PFS/DFS} \\

\cline{5-13}

& & & & &

\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Treatment} & 
\multirow{1}{1cm}{N} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Median PFS months} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Treatment} & 
\multirow{1}{1cm}{N} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{\small Median PFS months} & 
\multirow{1}{2cm}{PFS HR (95\% CI)} & 
\multirow{1}{1.5cm}{PFS p-value} \\

& & & & & & & & & & & & \\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%         
        \endhead
        
         &     & \tabularnewline
        \hline 
        \multicolumn{13}{l}{{(Continued on next page)}} \tabularnewline
        \endfoot
        
        \hline
        \endlastfoot
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
\cline{1-13}

\multicolumn{13}{|l|}{Primary endpoint DFS} \\

\cline{1-13}

\citeauthor*{pmid25403578}, \citeyear{pmid25403578} \parencite{pmid25403578}; \citeauthor*{pmid27310205}, \citeyear{pmid27310205} \parencite{pmid27310205} & 3 & No & \rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Superiority} & Resectable metastatic colorectal cancer & FOLFOX7+FOLFORI & 140 & 24.5 & FOLFOX4 & 142 & 22.4 & 0.94 (0.94,0.70,1.26) & 0.679 \\

\cline{1-13}

\citeauthor*{pmid28634730}, \citeyear{pmid28634730} \parencite{pmid28634730} & 3 & No & \rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Non-inferiority} & IIB/III colorectal cancer & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus protein-bound polysaccharide K (UFT + PSK) & 151 & NR, 3 years DFS=72.6\% & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) & 161 & NR, 3 years DFS=82.3\% & NR & NR \\

\cline{1-13}

\citeauthor*{pmid25403578}, \citeyear{pmid25403578} \parencite{pmid25403578}; \citeauthor*{pmid27310205}, \citeyear{pmid27310205} \parencite{pmid27310205} & 3 & No & \rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Superiority} & Resectable metastatic colorectal cancer & FOLFOX7+FOLFORI & 140 & 24.5 & FOLFOX4 & 142 & 22.4 & 0.94 (0.94,0.70,1.26) & 0.679 \\

\cline{1-13}

\citeauthor*{pmid28634730}, \citeyear{pmid28634730} \parencite{pmid28634730} & 3 & No & \rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Non-inferiority} & IIB/III colorectal cancer & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus protein-bound polysaccharide K (UFT + PSK) & 151 & NR, 3 years DFS=72.6\% & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) & 161 & NR, 3 years DFS=82.3\% & NR & NR \\

\cline{1-13}

\multicolumn{13}{|l|}{Primary endpoint Other} \\

\cline{1-13}

\citeauthor*{pmid25403578}, \citeyear{pmid25403578} \parencite{pmid25403578}; \citeauthor*{pmid27310205}, \citeyear{pmid27310205} \parencite{pmid27310205} & 3 & No & \rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Superiority} & Resectable metastatic colorectal cancer & FOLFOX7+FOLFORI & 140 & 24.5 & FOLFOX4 & 142 & 22.4 & 0.94 (0.94,0.70,1.26) & 0.679 \\

\cline{1-13}

\citeauthor*{pmid28634730}, \citeyear{pmid28634730} \parencite{pmid28634730} & 3 & No & \rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Non-inferiority} & IIB/III colorectal cancer & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus protein-bound polysaccharide K (UFT + PSK) & 151 & NR, 3 years DFS=72.6\% & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) & 161 & NR, 3 years DFS=82.3\% & NR & NR \\

\cline{1-13}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\end{longtable}
\end{landscape}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\end{document}

这是乳胶生产表的一部分

这是我想要制作的漂亮表格，其中所有内容都排列整齐（使用 excel）

我尤其希望改进以下方面

您可以看到“优越性”未居中。“Cediranib 20mg+FOLFOX6”转到下一个单元格。“Bevacizumab+FOLFOX6”转到下一个单元格。

我该如何改进这些方面，使得无论文本如何，文本都会在表格单元格的限制内换行？

非常感谢

安迪

Answer 1

我花了一点时间来让你的桌子变得更好（我希望）。

1. 生成的文本\citeyear，似乎只有一个单词，并且无法换行，所以唯一的解决办法是增加列宽。顺便说一下，某些列可以做得更窄。
2. 为了使旋转后的“盲法”适合表头，\vrule 可以放在“调查组”之前 - \vrule height 14pt depth 10pt width 0pt Investigational group。这会增加第一行的高度。
3. p{}如果文本适合一行，请不要将其用作多列的规范，而应将c文本置于多列跨度的整个宽度内居中。
4. 您可以将 \hsize 指定为 \multirow 的内容宽度\multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering Study}。Multirow 会忽略单元格的对齐规范，因此需要明确指定。
5. 当{\arraystretch}{0.9}线条接触文本时，似乎不太好，最好增加 \arraystretch 的值。
6. 当然，类似的列（例如，处理）的宽度应该相同。

表格如下

7. 我已经删除了表格主体中的\multirow一些单元格和标注的单词。origin

以下是表格的代码（仅正文，序言无变化）

\begin{document}
    
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    \begin{landscape}
        \centering
        
        \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2}%
        \tabcolsep=3pt
        \begin{longtable}{|
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{3.0cm}| %  1 Study
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{0.7cm}| %  2 Phase
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{0.7cm}| %  3 Blinding
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{0.7cm}| %  4 Design
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2.0cm}| %  5 Desease
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2.3cm}| %  6 Treatment
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{0.7cm}| %  7 N
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2.0cm}| %  8 Median PFS
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2.0cm}| %  9 Treatment
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{0.7cm}| % 10 N
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2.0cm}| % 11 Median PFS
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{2.5cm}| % 12 PFS HR
                >{\centering\arraybackslash}m{1.5cm}| % 13 PFS p-value
            }
            
            %{|p{2cm}|p{1cm}|p{1cm}|p{1cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{1cm}|p{2cm}|p{2cm}|p{1cm}|p{1cm}|p{2cm}|p{1.5cm}|} 
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
            
            \hline
            
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering Study} & 
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering \rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Phase}} & 
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Blinding}} &
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Design}} & 
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering Disease} & 
            \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\small \vrule height 14pt depth 10pt width 0pt Investigational group} & 
            \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\small Reference group} & 
            \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\small PFS/DFS} \\
            
            \cline{6-13}
            
            & & & & &
            
            \small Treatment & 
            N & 
            \small Median PFS months & 
            \small Treatment & 
            N & 
            \small Median PFS months & 
            PFS HR (95\%~CI) & 
            PFS p-value \\
            %& & & & & & & & & & & & \\
            
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%         
            \endfirsthead
            
            \multicolumn{13}{l}%
            {{\bfseries \tablename\ \thetable{} -- (Continued from previous page)}} \tabularnewline
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%    
            
            \hline
            
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering Study} & 
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Phase}} & 
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Blinding}} &
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering\rotatebox[origin=c]{90}{Design}} & 
            \multirow{3}{\hsize}{\centering Disease} & 
            \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\small \vrule height 14pt depth 10pt width 0pt Investigational group} & 
            \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\small Reference group} & 
            \multicolumn{2}{c|}{\small PFS/DFS} \\
            
            \cline{6-13}
            
            & & & & &
            
            \small Treatment & 
            N & 
            \small Median PFS months & 
            \small Treatment & 
            N & 
            \small Median PFS months & 
            PFS HR (95\%~CI) & 
            PFS p-value \\
            
            %& & & & & & & & & & & & \\
            \hline
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%         
            \endhead
            
            %&     & \tabularnewline
            \hline 
            \multicolumn{13}{l}{{(Continued on next page)}} \tabularnewline
            \endfoot
            
            \hline
            \endlastfoot
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
            \cline{1-13}
            
            \multicolumn{13}{|l|}{Primary endpoint DFS} \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            
            \citeauthor*{pmid25403578}, \citeyear{pmid25403578} \parencite{pmid25403578}; \citeauthor*{pmid27310205}, \citeyear{pmid27310205} \parencite{pmid27310205} & 3 & No & \rotatebox{90}{Superiority} & Resectable metastatic colorectal cancer & FOLFOX7+FOLFORI & 140 & 24.5 & FOLFOX4 & 142 & 22.4 & 0.94 (0.94,0.70,1.26) & 0.679 \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            
            \citeauthor*{pmid28634730}, \citeyear{pmid28634730} \parencite{pmid28634730} & 3 & No & \rotatebox{90}{Non-inferiority} & IIB/III colorectal cancer & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus protein-bound polysaccharide K (UFT + PSK) & 151 & NR, 3 years DFS=72.6\% & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) & 161 & NR, 3 years DFS=82.3\% & NR & NR \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            
            \citeauthor*{pmid25403578}, \citeyear{pmid25403578} \parencite{pmid25403578}; \citeauthor*{pmid27310205}, \citeyear{pmid27310205} \parencite{pmid27310205} & 3 & No & \rotatebox{90}{Superiority} & Resectable metastatic colorectal cancer & FOLFOX7+FOLFORI & 140 & 24.5 & FOLFOX4 & 142 & 22.4 & 0.94 (0.94,0.70,1.26) & 0.679 \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            
            \citeauthor*{pmid28634730}, \citeyear{pmid28634730} \parencite{pmid28634730} & 3 & No & \rotatebox{90}{Non-inferiority} & IIB/III colorectal cancer & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus protein-bound polysaccharide K (UFT + PSK) & 151 & NR, 3 years DFS=72.6\% & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) & 161 & NR, 3 years DFS=82.3\% & NR & NR \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            \noalign{\penalty-10000}
            \multicolumn{13}{|l|}{Primary endpoint Other} \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            
            \citeauthor*{pmid25403578}, \citeyear{pmid25403578} \parencite{pmid25403578}; \citeauthor*{pmid27310205}, \citeyear{pmid27310205} \parencite{pmid27310205} & 3 & No & \rotatebox{90}{Superiority} & Resectable metastatic colorectal cancer & FOLFOX7+FOLFORI & 140 & 24.5 & FOLFOX4 & 142 & 22.4 & 0.94 (0.94, 0.70, 1.26) & 0.679 \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            
            \citeauthor*{pmid28634730}, \citeyear{pmid28634730} \parencite{pmid28634730} & 3 & No & \rotatebox{90}{Non-inferiority} & IIB/III colorectal cancer & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus protein-bound polysaccharide K (UFT + PSK) & 151 & NR, 3 years DFS=72.6\% & Oral adjuvant uracil and tegafur plus leucovorin (UFT/LV) & 161 & NR, 3 years DFS=82.3\% & NR & NR \\
            
            \cline{1-13}
            
            %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
        \end{longtable}
    \end{landscape}
    %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
    
\end{document}