为文档中的不同主题设置计数器

Question 1

我建议使用expl3属性列表（l3prop）来存储每个类别的图片数量。

注意：\nbPicsInCategoryExp是的完全可扩展的“变体” ：前者理论上比\nbPicsInCategory后者慢（具有大量类别），但可以在仅扩展的上下文中使用：在、、、和宏内部\numexpr，以及很多其他地方。\dimexpr\edefsiunitx\num\SI

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xparse} % only necessary if your LaTeX is older than 2020-10-01
\usepackage{tikz}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\prop_new:N \g_hany_picture_counts_prop

% #1: macro name for the picture, without the initial backslash
% #2: category name
\cs_new_protected:Npn \hany_define_picture:nn #1#2
  {
    % Get current counter value for the category in \l_tmpa_tl, or 0 if no
    % picture has been put in this category yet.
    \prop_get:NnNF \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#2} \l_tmpa_tl
      { \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { 0 } }
    % Increase the counter for this category.
    \prop_gput:Nnx \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#2}
      { \int_eval:n { \l_tmpa_tl + 1 } }

    % Define the macro containing the picture
    \cs_new_protected:cpn {#1}
  }

% Same arguments as for \hany_define_picture:nn
\NewDocumentCommand \myDefinePicture { m m }
  {
    \hany_define_picture:nn {#1} {#2}
  }

% #1: category name
\NewDocumentCommand \nbPicsInCategory { m }
  {
    \prop_get:NnNF \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#1} \l_tmpa_tl
      { \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { 0 } }
    \tl_use:N \l_tmpa_tl
  }

\cs_new:Npn \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:n #1
  { \tl_if_empty:nTF {#1} { 0 } {#1} }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:n { f }

% Expandable version of \nbPicsInCategory. This allows using the result in
% expansion-only contexts, which is an advantage over \nbPicsInCategory,
% however \nbPicsInCategoryExp is slower (which is only noticeable with a
% large enough number of categories!).
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbPicsInCategoryExp { m }
  {
    \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:f
      { \prop_item:Nn \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#1} }
  }

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbCategories { }
  {
    \prop_count:N \g_hany_picture_counts_prop
  }

\cs_new:Npn \__hany_count_picture:nn #1#2 { + #2 }

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbPictures { }
  {
    \int_eval:n
      {
        0
        \prop_map_tokens:Nn \g_hany_picture_counts_prop
          { \__hany_count_picture:nn }
      }
  }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\myDefinePicture{arrowa}{arrows}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \draw[->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{humana}{humans}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{humanb}{humans}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{housea}{houses}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{boata}{boats}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{boatb}{boats}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{birda}{birds}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{birdb}{birds}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{turtlea}{turtles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \fill[green!20!brown] (0,0) ellipse[x radius=1cm, y radius=1.2cm];
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{candlea}{candles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{candleb}{candles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{doga}{dogs}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{dogb}{dogs}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\noindent
Number of categories: \nbCategories
\qquad \arrowa \qquad \turtlea\\
Number of pictures: \nbPictures

\noindent
Number of birds, dogs and turtles:
$\nbPicsInCategory{birds} + \nbPicsInCategory{dogs} + \nbPicsInCategory{turtles}
 = \the\numexpr \nbPicsInCategoryExp{birds} +
                \nbPicsInCategoryExp{dogs} +
                \nbPicsInCategoryExp{turtles} \relax$.

\medskip \noindent
Number of arrows: \nbPicsInCategory{arrows}\\
Number of human figures: \nbPicsInCategory{humans}\\
Number of bird figures: \nbPicsInCategory{birds}\\
Number of dog figures: \nbPicsInCategory{dogs}\\
Number of candle figures: \nbPicsInCategory{candles}\\
Number of house figures: \nbPicsInCategory{houses}\\
Number of turtle figures: \nbPicsInCategory{turtles}\\
Number of boat figures: \nbPicsInCategory{boats}

\end{document}

Answer

我建议使用expl3属性列表（l3prop）来存储每个类别的图片数量。

注意：\nbPicsInCategoryExp是的完全可扩展的“变体” ：前者理论上比\nbPicsInCategory后者慢（具有大量类别），但可以在仅扩展的上下文中使用：在、、、和宏内部\numexpr，以及很多其他地方。\dimexpr\edefsiunitx\num\SI

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{xparse} % only necessary if your LaTeX is older than 2020-10-01
\usepackage{tikz}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\prop_new:N \g_hany_picture_counts_prop

% #1: macro name for the picture, without the initial backslash
% #2: category name
\cs_new_protected:Npn \hany_define_picture:nn #1#2
  {
    % Get current counter value for the category in \l_tmpa_tl, or 0 if no
    % picture has been put in this category yet.
    \prop_get:NnNF \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#2} \l_tmpa_tl
      { \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { 0 } }
    % Increase the counter for this category.
    \prop_gput:Nnx \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#2}
      { \int_eval:n { \l_tmpa_tl + 1 } }

    % Define the macro containing the picture
    \cs_new_protected:cpn {#1}
  }

% Same arguments as for \hany_define_picture:nn
\NewDocumentCommand \myDefinePicture { m m }
  {
    \hany_define_picture:nn {#1} {#2}
  }

% #1: category name
\NewDocumentCommand \nbPicsInCategory { m }
  {
    \prop_get:NnNF \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#1} \l_tmpa_tl
      { \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { 0 } }
    \tl_use:N \l_tmpa_tl
  }

\cs_new:Npn \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:n #1
  { \tl_if_empty:nTF {#1} { 0 } {#1} }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:n { f }

% Expandable version of \nbPicsInCategory. This allows using the result in
% expansion-only contexts, which is an advantage over \nbPicsInCategory,
% however \nbPicsInCategoryExp is slower (which is only noticeable with a
% large enough number of categories!).
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbPicsInCategoryExp { m }
  {
    \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:f
      { \prop_item:Nn \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#1} }
  }

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbCategories { }
  {
    \prop_count:N \g_hany_picture_counts_prop
  }

\cs_new:Npn \__hany_count_picture:nn #1#2 { + #2 }

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbPictures { }
  {
    \int_eval:n
      {
        0
        \prop_map_tokens:Nn \g_hany_picture_counts_prop
          { \__hany_count_picture:nn }
      }
  }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}

\myDefinePicture{arrowa}{arrows}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \draw[->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{humana}{humans}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{humanb}{humans}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{housea}{houses}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{boata}{boats}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{boatb}{boats}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{birda}{birds}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{birdb}{birds}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{turtlea}{turtles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \fill[green!20!brown] (0,0) ellipse[x radius=1cm, y radius=1.2cm];
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{candlea}{candles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{candleb}{candles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{doga}{dogs}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{dogb}{dogs}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\noindent
Number of categories: \nbCategories
\qquad \arrowa \qquad \turtlea\\
Number of pictures: \nbPictures

\noindent
Number of birds, dogs and turtles:
$\nbPicsInCategory{birds} + \nbPicsInCategory{dogs} + \nbPicsInCategory{turtles}
 = \the\numexpr \nbPicsInCategoryExp{birds} +
                \nbPicsInCategoryExp{dogs} +
                \nbPicsInCategoryExp{turtles} \relax$.

\medskip \noindent
Number of arrows: \nbPicsInCategory{arrows}\\
Number of human figures: \nbPicsInCategory{humans}\\
Number of bird figures: \nbPicsInCategory{birds}\\
Number of dog figures: \nbPicsInCategory{dogs}\\
Number of candle figures: \nbPicsInCategory{candles}\\
Number of house figures: \nbPicsInCategory{houses}\\
Number of turtle figures: \nbPicsInCategory{turtles}\\
Number of boat figures: \nbPicsInCategory{boats}

\end{document}

Question 2

像这样？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcounter{doga}      % < -- one counter for each kind of figure
\def\doga
{%
\stepcounter{doga}%    % <-- add 1 to counter only when using the \doga command
\begin{tikzpicture}[]%
\end{tikzpicture}
}%


\begin{document}
number of dog figures: \thedoga\

\doga % you have to use at least once to increase counter

number of dog figures: \thedoga\

\doga % everytime you use, add 1 to counter

number of dog figures: \thedoga\

\end{document}

Answer

像这样？

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{verbatim}
\usepackage{tikz}
\newcounter{doga}      % < -- one counter for each kind of figure
\def\doga
{%
\stepcounter{doga}%    % <-- add 1 to counter only when using the \doga command
\begin{tikzpicture}[]%
\end{tikzpicture}
}%


\begin{document}
number of dog figures: \thedoga\

\doga % you have to use at least once to increase counter

number of dog figures: \thedoga\

\doga % everytime you use, add 1 to counter

number of dog figures: \thedoga\

\end{document}

Question 3

这不是对所提问题的回答，而是对评论的回复。这实际上应该是对另一个问题的回答。

文档末尾处有数字，但如果使用两次运行，则可以在文档开头打印数字。

使用tocloft包，您可以定义一个新列表（例如mynums）和相关存储文件（例如.nol）。在文档末尾，当所有数字已知且最终确定后，.nol使用将它们写入文件\addtocontents{nol}{...}。

然后，您可以打印以开头的文档中的列表\listofmynums。需要运行两次编译。

为了说明，该示例使用@frougon 的 expl3 答案作为基础，但类似的方法适用于任何答案：

我将打印命令更改为\nbPicsInCategoryExp版本，以便扩展值进入.nol文件而不是命令名称。

平均能量损失

\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\newlistof{mynums}{nol}{Summary}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{xparse} % only necessary if your LaTeX is older than 2020-10-01

\usepackage{tikz}

\ExplSyntaxOn
\prop_new:N \g_hany_picture_counts_prop

% #1: macro name for the picture, without the initial backslash
% #2: category name
\cs_new_protected:Npn \hany_define_picture:nn #1#2
  {
    % Get current counter value for the category in \l_tmpa_tl, or 0 if no
    % picture has been put in this category yet.
    \prop_get:NnNF \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#2} \l_tmpa_tl
      { \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { 0 } }
    % Increase the counter for this category.
    \prop_gput:Nnx \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#2}
      { \int_eval:n { \l_tmpa_tl + 1 } }

    % Define the macro containing the picture
    \cs_new_protected:cpn {#1}
  }

% Same arguments as for \hany_define_picture:nn
\NewDocumentCommand \myDefinePicture { m m }
  {
    \hany_define_picture:nn {#1} {#2}
  }

% #1: category name
\NewDocumentCommand \nbPicsInCategory { m }
  {
    \prop_get:NnNF \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#1} \l_tmpa_tl
      { \tl_set:Nn \l_tmpa_tl { 0 } }
    \tl_use:N \l_tmpa_tl
  }

\cs_new:Npn \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:n #1
  { \tl_if_empty:nTF {#1} { 0 } {#1} }

\cs_generate_variant:Nn \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:n { f }

% Expandable version of \nbPicsInCategory. This allows using the result in
% expansion-only contexts, which is an advantage over \nbPicsInCategory,
% however \nbPicsInCategoryExp is slower (which is only noticeable with a
% large enough number of categories!).
\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbPicsInCategoryExp { m }
  {
    \__hany_nb_pics_in_category:f
      { \prop_item:Nn \g_hany_picture_counts_prop {#1} }
  }

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbCategories { }
  {
    \prop_count:N \g_hany_picture_counts_prop
  }

\cs_new:Npn \__hany_count_picture:nn #1#2 { + #2 }

\NewExpandableDocumentCommand \nbPictures { }
  {
    \int_eval:n
      {
        0
        \prop_map_tokens:Nn \g_hany_picture_counts_prop
          { \__hany_count_picture:nn }
      }
  }
\ExplSyntaxOff

\begin{document}
\listofmynums

Material in document \ldots

\myDefinePicture{arrowa}{arrows}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \draw[->] (0,0) -- (1,1);
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{humana}{humans}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{humanb}{humans}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{housea}{houses}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{boata}{boats}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{boatb}{boats}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{birda}{birds}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{birdb}{birds}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{turtlea}{turtles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
  \fill[green!20!brown] (0,0) ellipse[x radius=1cm, y radius=1.2cm];
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{candlea}{candles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{candleb}{candles}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{doga}{dogs}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

\myDefinePicture{dogb}{dogs}{%
\begin{tikzpicture}
\end{tikzpicture}%
}

%Summary:
\addtocontents{nol}{Number of categories: \nbCategories\par}
\addtocontents{nol}{Number of pictures: \nbPictures\par}


\addtocontents{nol}{Number of birds, dogs and turtles:
$\nbPicsInCategoryExp{birds} + \nbPicsInCategoryExp{dogs} + \nbPicsInCategoryExp{turtles}
 = \the\numexpr \nbPicsInCategoryExp{birds} +
                \nbPicsInCategoryExp{dogs} +
                \nbPicsInCategoryExp{turtles} \relax$.\par
}

\addtocontents{nol}{%
Number of arrows: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{arrows}\par
Number of human figures: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{humans}\par
Number of bird figures: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{birds}\par
Number of dog figures: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{dogs}\par
Number of candle figures: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{candles}\par
Number of house figures: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{houses}\par
Number of turtle figures: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{turtles}\par
Number of boat figures: \nbPicsInCategoryExp{boats}\par
\smallskip
\hrule\par\bigskip}

\vdots 

\ldots End of document

\end{document}

Answer