图形和文本之间的间距

Question

我快速浏览了您为 IFAC 会议撰写的文章。我发现了一些问题，其中一些问题可以轻松纠正。

（1）从序言中删除重复或三重软件包。还有那些不必要的软件包。清理代码并避免冲突。

（2）删除之前的空行\begin{equation}（14 个实例）。使间距更好、更一致。

（3）软件包subcaption和caption与该类不兼容ifacconf。请勿使用它们。

它们可以被替换subfig（以及序言中的一些附加代码）。请参阅ifacconf 类与 caption 不兼容

(4) 表格被标记为图形。请使用表格环境来纠正此问题。其标题应位于表格顶部。

（5）论文中的图 3 和图 4 被标记为子图，但它们应该是图。

我使用您的图表添加了一个 MWE 来展示所提议的变更。

% !TeX TS-program = pdflatex

\pdfminorversion=7% added <<<<<
\documentclass[a4paper]{ifacconf}

%%**************** from  https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/291563/161015  
\usepackage{subfig}
\AtBeginEnvironment{figure}{\setlength{\captionwidth}{0.8\linewidth}}
\AtBeginEnvironment{table}{\setlength{\captionwidth}{0.8\linewidth}}
\captionsetup[subfloat]{labelformat=parens,width=.7\captionwidth}
\renewcommand{\figurename}{Figure}
%%***************************************************************************
\usepackage{graphicx,amsmath}     
\usepackage[round]{natbib}       

\usepackage{amssymb, mathtools, amsfonts}
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{siunitx}

\usepackage{kantlipsum} % dummy text

\begin{document}
\section{Measurements}  
    
1.  \kant[1-4]

\begin{figure*}[!ht]% figure 1
    \centering
    \subfloat[Robot path]{%
    \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{imgs/source/line/cartesian.eps}
    \label{fig:path_line}}
\hfill
\subfloat[Reading signal]{%
    \includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{imgs/source/line/function.eps}
    \label{fig:reading_line}}
    \caption{Robot path and scalar signal along it. The blue circle designates the extremum; The blue line corresponds to the robot trajectory; the trajectory in black represent the extremum estimation; finally, the green star and red square denotes respectively the initial and final robot positions; finally, the concentric circular lines correspond to level curves of function $f(x) = x^2 + y^2$.}
\end{figure*}

2.  \kant[3-4]

\newpage

\begin{figure*}[!htb]% figure 2
        \centering
        \includegraphics[trim=0.25cm 0cm 0cm 0cm, clip, width=0.9\textwidth]{imgs/source/line/states.eps}
        \caption{Omnidirectional robot states.}  \vspace*{15pt}
        \label{fig:states_line} 
\end{figure*}   
\begin{figure*}[!ht]% figure 3 upper
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{imgs/source/line/speeds.eps}
        \label{fig:speeds_line}
\end{figure*}   
\begin{figure*}[!ht]% figure 3 
        \centering
        \includegraphics[width=0.9\textwidth]{imgs/source/line/input.eps}
        \caption{Speeds and torque applied to each wheel of the omnidirectional robot.}
        \label{fig:input_line}
\end{figure*}

\newpage

\section{Analysis}

4.  \kant[11]

\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.3}% expand the cells <<<<
\begin{table}[!ht]
    \centering
    \caption{Time-related parameters}\label{tab:sim_time}
    \begin{tabular}{l|c|c|c}
        \hline
        Description & Symbol & Unit & Value \\ \hline \hline
        Simulation interval &  $\Delta t$ & \si{\milli \second} & 1 \\ 
        Exploration interval & $T_s$ & \si{\milli \second} & 100 \\ 
        Planning interval & $T_e$ & \si{\milli \second} & 500 \\
        Poles & $\lambda$ & - & -10 \\ \hline 
    \end{tabular}   
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!ht]
    \centering
    \caption{Barycenter-related parameters}\label{tab:sim_BM}           
    \begin{tabular}{l|c|c|c}
        \hline
        Description & Symbol & Unit & Value \\ \hline \hline
        Speed enhancer & $\nu$ & - & 5 \\
        Average value & $\bar{z}_n$ & - & $\begin{bsmallmatrix} 0 & 0 \end{bsmallmatrix}^{\intercal}$ \\% changed <<<
        Standard deviation & $\sigma$ & \si{m} & 0.5 \\ \hline 
    \end{tabular}   
\end{table}

\begin{table}[!ht]  
    \caption{Torque-related parameters}\label{tab:sim_torque}
    \centering
    \begin{tabular}{l|c|c|c}
        \hline
        Description & Symbol & Unit & Value \\ \hline \hline 
        Average value & $\bar{z}_\tau$ & - & $\begin{bsmallmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \end{bsmallmatrix}^{\intercal}$ \\% changed
        Standard deviation & $\sigma_{\tau}$ & \si{\newton \meter} & 1 \\ \hline 
    \end{tabular} 
\end{table} 

5.  \kant[4]

\end{document}

Answer 1