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如何填充我在 tikz 上制作的图像

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如何填充我在 tikz 上制作的图像

首先我想说的是，我还在学习如何使用 tikz，所以我知道我制作的图形可以做得更简单。我想知道如何填充我制作的图形。

以下是代码：

\begin{figure}[H]
    \centering
    \begin{tikzpicture}

        \node (a0) at (-1.85,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_0$};
        \node (a2) at (-1.25,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_2$};
        \node (a4) at (-0.65,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_4$};
        \node (a6) at (-0.05,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_6$};
        \node (a8) at (0.55,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_8$};
        \node (a10) at (1.15,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_{10}$};
        \node (a12) at (1.75,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_{12}$};
        \node (a14) at (2.35,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_{14}$};

        \node (a1) at (-1.55,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_1$};
        \node (a3) at (-0.95,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_3$};
        \node (a5) at (-0.35,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_5$};
        \node (a7) at (0.25,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_7$};
        \node (a9) at (0.85,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_9$};
        \node (a11) at (1.45,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_{11}$};
        \node (a13) at (2.05,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_{13}$};
        \node (a15) at (2.65,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_{15}$};
    
        \draw (3,-0.5) arc[x radius=5cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=90, end angle=180];
        
        \node (dots) at (3.5,-2) {$\cdots$};
        
        \draw (-2,-1.5) to (-2,-2.5);
        \draw (-2,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (-1.7,-2.5) to (-1.7,-2);
        \draw (-1.7,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (-1.4,-2) -- (-1.4,-2.5);
        \draw (-1.4,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (-1.1,-2) -- (-1.1,-2.5);
        \draw (-1.1,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (-0.8,-2) -- (-0.8,-2.5);
        \draw (-0.8,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (-0.5,-2) -- (-0.5,-2.5);
        \draw (-0.5,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (-0.2,-2) -- (-0.2,-2.5);
        \draw(-0.2,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (0.1,-2) -- (0.1,-2.5);
        \draw (0.1,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (0.4,-2) -- (0.4,-2.5);
        \draw (0.4,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (0.7,-2) -- (0.7,-2.5);
        \draw (0.7,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (1,-2) -- (1,-2.5);
        \draw (1,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (1.3,-2) -- (1.3,-2.5);
        \draw (1.3,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (1.6,-2) -- (1.6,-2.5);
        \draw (1.6,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (1.9,-2) -- (1.9,-2.5);
        \draw (1.9,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (2.2,-2) -- (2.2,-2.5);
        \draw (2.2,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360];
        \draw (2.5,-2) -- (2.5,-2.5);
        \draw (2.5,-2) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0];
        
        \draw (2.8,-2) -- (2.8,-2.5);
        \draw (2.8,-2.5) arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=270];

    \end{tikzpicture}
    \caption{Caption}
    \label{Fig 2.3}
\end{figure}

下面是图片：

在此处输入图片描述

我想要的是类似下面的图片：

在此处输入图片描述

附言：是的，我知道，这很糟糕，我是在 Paint 中做的。

答案1

您绘制的整幅图太多了，以至于无法填满它。您必须创建一条唯一的路径。在下面的代码中，您可以看到我定义了一个路径 name \mypath，它是整个绘图。

填充和绘制可以用一行代码完成，因为填充会自动关闭路径。

为了看到所有节点，您必须事后绘制它们。请注意，绘制所有a节点会有更自动化的方法，但由于这不是问题，所以我让它们像这样。

填充复杂区域

\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\begin{document}
    \begin{tikzpicture}
        
        \def\mypath{
                (3,-0.5) arc[x radius=5cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=90, end angle=180]         
                -- (-2,-1.5)
                -- (-2,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (-1.7,-2.5)
                -- (-1.7,-2)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]     
                -- (-1.4,-2)
                -- (-1.4,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (-1.1,-2.5) 
                -- (-1.1,-2)                
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]
                -- (-0.8,-2)
                -- (-0.8,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (-0.5,-2.5)
                -- (-0.5,-2)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]
                -- (-0.2,-2)
                -- (-0.2,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (0.1,-2.5)
                --(0.1,-2)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]
                -- (0.4,-2)
                -- (0.4,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (0.7,-2.5)
                -- (0.7,-2) 
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]
                -- (1,-2) 
                -- (1,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (1.3,-2.5)
                -- (1.3,-2) 
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]
                -- (1.6,-2)
                -- (1.6,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (1.9,-2.5)
                -- (1.9,-2)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]
                -- (2.2,-2) 
                -- (2.2,-2.5)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=360]
                -- (2.5,-2.5)
                -- (2.5,-2)
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=0.25cm, start angle=180, end angle=0]
                -- (2.8,-2) 
                arc[x radius=0.15cm, y radius=1cm, start angle=180, end angle=270]}
                
                \draw[fill=orange!50] \mypath;  

        \node (a0) at (-1.85,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_0$};
        \node (a2) at (-1.25,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_2$};
        \node (a4) at (-0.65,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_4$};
        \node (a6) at (-0.05,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_6$};
        \node (a8) at (0.55,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_8$};
        \node (a10) at (1.15,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_{10}$};
        \node (a12) at (1.75,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_{12}$};
        \node (a14) at (2.35,-3.7) {\scriptsize $a_{14}$};

        \node (a1) at (-1.55,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_1$};
        \node (a3) at (-0.95,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_3$};
        \node (a5) at (-0.35,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_5$};
        \node (a7) at (0.25,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_7$};
        \node (a9) at (0.85,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_9$};
        \node (a11) at (1.45,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_{11}$};
        \node (a13) at (2.05,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_{13}$};
        \node (a15) at (2.65,-1.6) {\scriptsize $a_{15}$};
        
        \node (dots) at (3.5,-2) {$\cdots$};
        
    \end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案2

这不是实际问题的答案（尽管我结合了你已经得到的解决方案），但我忍不住要解决这个路径，看看是否可以稍微简化它的构造。

原版中的高峰和低谷不是相当间距相等，但足够接近，所以我自己决定这样做。这意味着它们可以在单个 foreach 循环中定义，然后另一个循环负责绘制和填充，最后一个循环负责标签。可以将所有内容组合成一个命令，但我认为三个循环可以将各个阶段分开，而不会极大地牺牲其简洁性。

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
%\url{https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/611755/86}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\foreach[
  evaluate=\k as \xcrd using -2.25+\k*.2625,
  evaluate=\k as \ycrd using {-1.15 + 1.55*mod(\k,2)}
] \k in {0,1,...,16} {
  \coordinate (a\k) at (\xcrd,\ycrd);
}

\draw[fill=violet!50] (2.05,1.5) .. controls +(175:1.5) and +(80:.5) ..
(-2.4,.7) .. controls +(-90:1) and +(-.25,0) .. (a0)
foreach \k in {1,...,16} {
   .. controls +(.25,0) and +(-.25,0) .. (a\k)
};

\foreach[evaluate=\k as \pos using {mod(\k,2) == 0 ? "below" : "above"} ] \k in {0,1,...,15} {
  \node[\pos,scale=.6] at (a\k) {\(a_{\k}\)};
}

\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

路径的简化版本

为了完整起见，以下是一行代码：

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
%\yrl{https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/611755/86}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}

\draw[fill=violet!50] (2.05,1.5) .. controls +(175:1.5) and +(80:.5) ..
(-2.4,.7) .. controls +(-90:1) and +(-.25,0) .. (-2.25,-1.15) node[below,scale=.6] {\(a_{0}\)}
foreach[
  evaluate=\k as \xcrd using -2.25+\k*.2625,
  evaluate=\k as \ycrd using {-1.15 + 1.55*mod(\k,2)},
  evaluate=\k as \pos using {mod(\k,2) == 0 ? "below" : "above"}
]\k in {1,...,16} {
   .. controls +(.25,0) and +(-.25,0) .. (\xcrd,\ycrd) node[\pos,scale=.6] {\(a_{\k}\)}
};


\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

答案3

这一行代码比较简单！

在此处输入图片描述

\documentclass[tikz,border=5mm]{standalone}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\draw[fill=violet!50,nodes={scale=.6}] 
(2.05,1.5)
.. controls +(175:1.5) and +(80:.5) .. (-2.4,.7) 
.. controls +(-90:1) and +(180:.2) .. (-2.25,-1.15) node[below]{$a_0$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (-2,.4) node[above]{$a_1$}
.. controls +(0:.3) and +(180:.3) .. (-1.72,-1.15) node[below]{$a_2$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (-1.47,.4) node[above]{$a_3$}
.. controls +(0:.3) and +(180:.3) .. (-1.2,-1.15) node[below]{$a_4$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (-.92,.4) node[above]{$a_5$}
.. controls +(0:.3) and +(180:.3) .. (-.67,-1.15) node[below]{$a_6$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (-.4,.4) node[above]{$a_7$}
.. controls +(0:.3) and +(180:.2) .. (-.15,-1.15) node[below]{$a_8$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (.15,.4) node[above]{$a_9$}
.. controls +(0:.3) and +(180:.3) .. (.4,-1.15) node[below]{$a_{10}$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (.67,.4) node[above]{$a_{11}$}
.. controls +(0:.3) and +(180:.3) .. (.95,-1.15) node[below]{$a_{12}$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (1.2,.4) node[above]{$a_{13}$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.2) .. (1.45,-1.15) node[below]{$a_{14}$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (1.75,.4) node[above]{$a_{15}$}
.. controls +(0:.2) and +(180:.3) .. (2.05,-1.15)
;
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}

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